Xenon tetroxide

Noble gas compound
Xenon tetroxide
Xenon tetroxide
Xenon tetroxide
Space-filling model of the xenon tetroxide molecule
Space-filling model of the xenon tetroxide molecule
Names
IUPAC names
Xenon tetraoxide
Xenon(VIII) oxide
Other names
Xenon tetroxide
Perxenic anhydride
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 12340-14-6 checkY
3D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
ChemSpider
  • 21106492 checkY
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID40893695 Edit this at Wikidata
InChI
  • InChI=1S/O4Xe/c1-5(2,3)4 checkY
    Key: VHWKDFQUJRCZDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/O4Xe/c1-5(2,3)4
    Key: VHWKDFQUJRCZDZ-UHFFFAOYAS
  • [O-][Xe+4]([O-])([O-])[O-]
Properties
Chemical formula
 XeO4
Molar mass 195.29 g mol−1
Appearance Yellow solid below −36 °C
Melting point −35.9 °C (−32.6 °F; 237.2 K)
Boiling point 0 °C (32 °F; 273 K)[1]
Solubility in water
 reacts
Structure
Molecular shape
 Tetrahedral[2]
Dipole moment
 0 D
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 +153.5 kcal mol−1 [3]
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 powerful explosive
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Perxenic acid
Xenon trioxide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Chemical compound

Xenon tetroxide is a chemical compound of xenon and oxygen with molecular formula XeO4, remarkable for being a relatively stable compound of a noble gas. It is a yellow crystalline solid that is stable below −35.9 °C; above that temperature it is very prone to exploding and decomposing into elemental xenon and oxygen (O2).[4][5]

All eight valence electrons of xenon are involved in the bonds with the oxygen, and the oxidation state of the xenon atom is +8. Oxygen is the only element that can bring xenon up to its highest oxidation state; even fluorine can only give XeF6 (+6).

Two other short-lived xenon compounds with an oxidation state of +8, XeO3F2 and XeO2F4, are accessible by the reaction of xenon tetroxide with xenon hexafluoride. XeO3F2 and XeO2F4 can be detected with mass spectrometry. The perxenates are also compounds where xenon has the +8 oxidation state.

Reactions

At temperatures above −35.9 °C, xenon tetroxide is very prone to explosion, decomposing into xenon and oxygen gases with ΔH = −643 kJ/mol:

XeO4 → Xe + 2 O2

Xenon tetroxide dissolves in water to form perxenic acid and in alkalis to form perxenate salts:

XeO4 + 2 H2O → H4XeO6
XeO4 + 4 NaOH → Na4XeO6 + 2 H2O

Xenon tetroxide can also react with xenon hexafluoride to give xenon oxyfluorides:

XeO4 + XeF6 → XeOF4 + XeO3F2
XeO4 + 2XeF6 → XeO2F4 + 2 XeOF4

Synthesis

All syntheses start from the perxenates, which are accessible from the xenates through two methods. One is the disproportionation of xenates to perxenates and xenon:

2 HXeO−
4 + 2 OH− → XeO4−
6 + Xe + O2 + 2 H2O

The other is oxidation of the xenates with ozone in basic solution:

HXeO−
4 + O3 + 3 OH− → XeO4−
6 + O2 + 2 H2O

Barium perxenate is reacted with sulfuric acid and the unstable perxenic acid is dehydrated to give xenon tetroxide:[6]

Ba
2XeO
6 + 2 H
2SO
4 → 2 BaSO
4 + H
4XeO
6
H
4XeO
6 → 2 H
2O + XeO
4

Any excess perxenic acid slowly undergoes a decomposition reaction to xenic acid and oxygen:

2 H
4XeO
6 → O
2 + 2 H
2XeO
4 + 2 H
2O

References

  1. ^ Lide, David R. (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 494. ISBN 0-8493-0594-2.
  2. ^ G. Gundersen; K. Hedberg; J. L.Huston (1970). "Molecular Structure of Xenon Tetroxide, XeO4". J. Chem. Phys. 52 (2): 812–815. Bibcode:1970JChPh..52..812G. doi:10.1063/1.1673060.
  3. ^ Gunn, S. R. (May 1965). "The Heat of Formation of Xenon Tetroxide". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 87 (10): 2290–2291. doi:10.1021/ja01088a038.
  4. ^ H.Selig, J. G. Malm, H. H. Claassen, C. L. Chernick, J. L. Huston (1964). "Xenon tetroxide – Preparation & Some Properties". Science. 143 (3612): 1322–3. Bibcode:1964Sci...143.1322S. doi:10.1126/science.143.3612.1322. JSTOR 1713238. PMID 17799234. S2CID 29205117.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ J. L. Huston; M. H. Studier; E. N. Sloth (1964). "Xenon tetroxide — Mass Spectrum". Science. 143 (3611): 1162–3. Bibcode:1964Sci...143.1161H. doi:10.1126/science.143.3611.1161-a. JSTOR 1712675. PMID 17833897. S2CID 28547895.
  6. ^ A. Earnshaw; Norman Greenwood (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 901. ISBN 9780080501093.
  • Lide, D. R., ed. (2002). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (83rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0483-0.
  • v
  • t
  • e
Xenon(0)
  • AuXe4(Sb2F11)2
  • XeH+
Xenon(I)
  • XeCl
  • XePtF6
  • XeRhF6
  • XeRuF6
  • XePuF6
Xenon(II)
  • XeF2
  • XeFPtF5
  • XeFPt2F11
  • Xe2F3PtF6
  • XeCl2
  • XeBr2
  • FXeONO2
  • Xe(NO3)2
Organoxenon(II) compounds
  • XeC6F5F
  • XeC6F5C2F3
  • XeC6F5CF3
  • Xe(C6F5)2
  • XeC6F5C6H2F3
  • XeC6F5CN
  • Xe(CF3)2
    • Xenon(IV)
    • XeO2
    • XeF4
    • XeOF2
    • N(CH3)4XeF5
    • XeCl4
    Organoxenon(IV) compounds
  • XeF2C6F5BF4
    • Xenon(VI)
    • XeO3
    • XeF6
    • XeOF4
    • H2XeO4
    • NaHXeO4
    • XeO2F2
    • (NO)2XeF8
    • CsXeF7
    • RbXeF7
    • Cs2XeF8
    • Rb2XeF8
    Xenon(VIII)
    • XeO4
    • H4XeO6
    • XeF8 (predicted)
    Category:Xenon compounds
    • v
    • t
    • e
    Helium compounds
    • HeH+
    • LiHe
    • Na2He
    • He2
    • He3
    Neon compounds
    • None known
    Argon compounds
    Krypton compounds
    Xenon compounds
    Xe(0)
    • AuXe4(Sb2F11)2
    • XeH+
    Xe(I)
    Xe(II)
    • XeF2
    • XeFPtF5
    • XeFPt2F11
    • Xe2F3PtF6
    • XeCl2
    • FXeONO2
    • Xe(ONO2)2
    • Organoxenon(II) compounds
    Xe(IV)
    • XeO2
    • XeF4
    • XeOF2
    • N(CH3)4XeF5
    • XeCl4
    • Organoxenon(IV) compounds
    Xe(VI)
    • XeO3
    • XeF6
    • XeOF4
    • H2XeO4
    • (NO)2XeF8
    Xe(VIII)
    • XeO4
    • H4XeO6
    • XeF8
    Radon compounds
    Rn(II)
    • RnF2
    • RnFSb2F11
    Rn(VI)
    • RnO3
    • RnF
      6
    Oganesson compounds (predicted)
    Og(0)
    • Og2
    Og(I)
    • OgH+
    Og(II)
    • OgF2
    • OgCl2
    • OgO
    Og(IV)
    • OgF4
    • OgO2
    • OgTs4
    Og(VI)
    • OgF6
    • v
    • t
    • e
    Mixed oxidation states
    +1 oxidation state
    +2 oxidation state
    +3 oxidation state
    • Actinium(III) oxide (Ac2O3)
    • Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)
    • Americium(III) oxide (Am2O3)
    • Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3)
    • Arsenic trioxide (As2O3)
    • Berkelium(III) oxide (Bk2O3)
    • Bismuth(III) oxide (Bi2O3)
    • Boron trioxide (B2O3)
    • Caesium sesquioxide (Cs2O3)
    • Californium(III) oxide (Cf2O3)
    • Cerium(III) oxide (Ce2O3)
    • Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3)
    • Cobalt(III) oxide (Co2O3)
    • Dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3)
    • Dysprosium(III) oxide (Dy2O3)
    • Einsteinium(III) oxide (Es2O3)
    • Erbium(III) oxide (Er2O3)
    • Europium(III) oxide (Eu2O3)
    • Gadolinium(III) oxide (Gd2O3)
    • Gallium(III) oxide (Ga2O3)
    • Gold(III) oxide (Au2O3)
    • Holmium(III) oxide (Ho2O3)
    • Indium(III) oxide (In2O3)
    • Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)
    • Lanthanum oxide (La2O3)
    • Lutetium(III) oxide (Lu2O3)
    • Manganese(III) oxide (Mn2O3)
    • Neodymium(III) oxide (Nd2O3)
    • Nickel(III) oxide (Ni2O3)
    • Phosphorus trioxide (P4O6)
    • Praseodymium(III) oxide (Pr2O3)
    • Promethium(III) oxide (Pm2O3)
    • Rhodium(III) oxide (Rh2O3)
    • Samarium(III) oxide (Sm2O3)
    • Scandium oxide (Sc2O3)
    • Terbium(III) oxide (Tb2O3)
    • Thallium(III) oxide (Tl2O3)
    • Thulium(III) oxide (Tm2O3)
    • Titanium(III) oxide (Ti2O3)
    • Tungsten(III) oxide (W2O3)
    • Vanadium(III) oxide (V2O3)
    • Ytterbium(III) oxide (Yb2O3)
    • Yttrium(III) oxide (Y2O3)
    +4 oxidation state
    +5 oxidation state
    +6 oxidation state
    +7 oxidation state
    +8 oxidation state
    Related
    Oxides are sorted by oxidation state. Category:Oxides