List of proto-languages
Below is a partial list of proto-languages that have been reconstructed, ordered by geographic location.
Africa
- Proto-Afroasiatic
- Proto-Semitic
- Proto-Cushitic
- Proto-Berber
- Proto-Chadic
- Proto-Omotic
- Proto-Niger–Congo
- Proto-Bantu
- Proto-Yoruboid
Europe and Western Asia
- Proto-Northwest Caucasian
- Proto-Abazgi
- Proto-Circassian
- Proto-Kartvelian
- Proto-Georgian-Zan
- Proto-Basque
- Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Afroasiatic
- Proto-Northeast Caucasian
- Proto-Uralic
- Proto-Finno-Ugric [ru]
- Proto-Finnic (Proto-Balto-Finnic)
- Proto-Samic
North and Central Asia
- Proto-Turkic
- Proto-Mongolic
- Proto-Tungusic
- Proto-Koreanic
- Proto-Japonic
- Proto-Yeniseian
- Proto-Uralic
- Proto-Finno-Ugric [ru]
- Proto-Finnic
- Proto-Samic
- Proto-Mordvinic
- Proto-Permic
- Proto-Mansi
- Proto-Khanty
- Proto-Samoyed
- Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan
- Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Ainu
South Asia
Pacific Rim
- Proto-Pama–Nyungan
- Proto-Trans–New Guinea (list)
- Proto-Austronesian (list)
- Proto-Kra–Dai
- Proto-Kra (list)
- Proto-Kam–Sui (list)
- Proto-Tai (list)
- Proto-Hlai (list)
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Proto-Sinitic
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman (list)
- Proto-Hmong–Mien (list)
- Proto-Hmongic (list)
- Proto-Mienic (list)
- Proto-Austroasiatic
- Proto-Aslian (list)
- Proto-Khmeric (list)
- Proto-Palaungic (list)
- Proto-Viet-Muong
- Proto-Munda
Americas
- Proto-Eskimo–Aleut
- Proto-Algic
- Proto-Muskogean
- Proto-Iroquoian
- Proto-Uto-Aztecan
- Proto-Mayan
- Proto-Mixe–Zoquean language
- Proto-Totonacan language
- Proto-Na-Dené
- Proto-Oto-Manguean [es]
- Proto-Otomí [es]
- Proto-Mixtecan [es]
- Proto-Mixtec [es]
- Proto-Tucanoan [ru]
- Proto-Tupian
- Proto-Macro-Jê [pt]
- Proto-Arawakan [pt]
- Proto-Siouan
Macrofamily reconstructions
These are hypothetical proto-languages that cannot be substantiated using the scientific methods of comparative linguistics.
- Proto-Altaic
- Proto-Boreal [ru]
- Proto-Eurasiatic
- Proto-Ural-Altaic
- Proto-Austric
- Proto-Amerind
- Proto-Human language
