CD59

CD59
已知的結構
PDB直系同源搜索: PDBe RCSB
PDBID列表

1CDQ、​1CDR、​1CDS、​1ERG、​1ERH、​2J8B、​2OFS、​2UWR、​2UX2、​4BIK

識別號
别名CD59;, 16.3A5, 1F5, EJ16, EJ30, EL32, G344, HRF-20, HRF20, MAC-IP, MACIF, MEM43, MIC11, MIN1, MIN2, MIN3, MIRL, MSK21, p18-20, CD59 molecule, CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)
外部IDOMIM:107271 MGI:1888996 HomoloGene:56386 GeneCards:CD59
相關疾病
primary CD59 deficiency[1]
基因位置(人类
11號染色體
染色体11號染色體[2]
11號染色體
CD59的基因位置
CD59的基因位置
基因座11p13起始33,703,010 bp[2]
终止33,736,479 bp[2]
基因位置(小鼠
小鼠2号染色体
染色体小鼠2号染色体[3]
小鼠2号染色体
CD59的基因位置
CD59的基因位置
基因座2|2 E2起始103,900,194 bp[3]
终止103,921,532 bp[3]
RNA表达模式




查阅更多表达数据
基因本體
分子功能 血浆蛋白结合
complement binding
細胞組分 囊泡
endoplasmic reticulum membrane

粘着斑
Golgi membrane
细胞膜
細胞外區域
cell surface
compact myelin
anchored component of external side of plasma membrane
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
anchored component of membrane
肌膜
外排體
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
細胞外空間
specific granule membrane
tertiary granule membrane
transport vesicle
生物學過程 凝血
negative regulation of apoptotic process
negative regulation of activation of membrane attack complex
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport
cell surface receptor signaling pathway
COPII vesicle coating
positive regulation of T cell proliferation
regulation of complement activation
cell activation
neutrophil degranulation
regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
直系同源
物種人類小鼠
Entrez

966

333883

Ensembl

ENSG00000085063

ENSMUSG00000068686

UniProt

P13987
Q6FHM9

P58019

mRNA​序列
NM_203331
​NM_000611
​NM_001127223
​NM_001127225
​NM_001127226

​NM_001127227
​NM_203329
​NM_203330

NM_181858
​NM_001368215

蛋白序列
NP_000602
​NP_001120695
​NP_001120697
​NP_001120698
​NP_001120699

​NP_976074
​NP_976075
​NP_976076
NP_000602.1
​NP_001120695.1
​NP_001120697.1
​NP_001120698.1
​NP_001120699.1
​NP_976074.1
​NP_976075.1
​NP_976076.1

NP_862906
​NP_001355144

基因位置​(UCSC)Chr 11: 33.7 – 33.74 MbChr 2: 103.9 – 103.92 Mb
PubMed​查找[4][5]
維基數據
檢視/編輯人類檢視/編輯小鼠

CD59,亦稱為「膜攻擊複合物(MAC)抑制蛋白」(MAC-inhibitory protein, MAC-IP)、「膜反应性溶血抑制物」(membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis, MIRL)、「膜攻擊複合物抑制因子」(membrane attack complex inhibitory factor, MACIF)或保護素(protectin)[6],在人體內是一種由CD59基因編碼的糖蛋白,屬於分化簇(Cluster of Differntiation, CD)的一種[7]。CD59屬於LY6英语LY6/uPAR英语Urokinase receptor/α-神經毒素英语alpha-neurotoxin蛋白家族[8]。 CD59通過糖化肌醇磷脂英语glycophosphatidylinositol(GPI)基團錨定在細胞膜上。當補體系統激活並已產生C5b英语C5b678複合物時,CD59會阻止補體成分C9聚集到上述複合體上,從而阻止膜攻擊複合物(MAC)的形成[9]。同時,細胞也會收到信號,通過胞吞作用攝入CD59-CD9複合物[8]

能影響GPI基團的突變會引起紅細胞膜上的CD59分子和衰變加速因子(CD55)數量減少,可引發陣發性夜間血紅素尿症[10]

部分病毒,例如HIV巨細胞病毒牛痘病毒能夠通過將宿主細胞的CD59整合到自己的包膜上來逃避補體系統的攻擊[11]

參見

  • 分子与细胞生物学主题

參考

  1. ^ 與CD59相關的疾病;在維基數據上查看/編輯參考. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000085063 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000068686 - Ensembl, May 2017
  4. ^ Human PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 
  5. ^ Mouse PubMed Reference:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. 
  6. ^ Cd59糖蛋白的应用. [2018-05-19]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-15). 
  7. ^ Entrez Gene: CD59 molecule, complement regulatory protein. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Maio M, Brasoveanu LI, Coral S, Sigalotti L, Lamaj E, Gasparollo A, Visintin A, Altomonte M, Fonsatti E. Structure, distribution, and functional role of protectin (CD59) in complement-susceptibility and in immunotherapy of human malignancies (Review). international journal of oncology. Aug 1998, 13 (2): 305–18. PMID 9664126. doi:10.3892/ijo.13.2.305. 
  9. ^ Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S. Defining the CD59-C9 binding interaction. J. Biol. Chem. September 2006, 281 (37): 27398–27404. PMID 16844690. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603690200. 
  10. ^ Parker C, Omine M, Richards S, et al. Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Blood. 2005, 106 (12): 3699–709 [2018-04-27]. PMC 1895106可免费查阅. PMID 16051736. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717. (原始内容存档于2009-09-18). 
  11. ^ Bohana-Kashtan O, Ziporen L, Donin N, Kraus S, Fishelson Z. Cell signals transduced by complement. Mol. Immunol. July 2004, 41 (6–7): 583–597. PMID 15219997. doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2004.04.007. 

拓展閱讀

  • Tandon N, Morgan BP, Weetman AP. Expression and function of membrane attack complex inhibitory proteins on thyroid follicular cells. Immunology. 1992, 75 (2): 372–7. PMC 1384722可免费查阅. PMID 1372592. 
  • Holmes CH, Simpson KL, Okada H, et al. Complement regulatory proteins at the feto-maternal interface during human placental development: distribution of CD59 by comparison with membrane cofactor protein (CD46) and decay accelerating factor (CD55). Eur. J. Immunol. 1992, 22 (6): 1579–1585. PMID 1376264. doi:10.1002/eji.1830220635. 
  • Hahn WC, Menu E, Bothwell AL, et al. Overlapping but nonidentical binding sites on CD2 for CD58 and a second ligand CD59. Science. 1992, 256 (5065): 1805–1807. PMID 1377404. doi:10.1126/science.1377404. 
  • Ninomiya H, Sims PJ. The human complement regulatory protein CD59 binds to the alpha-chain of C8 and to the "b"domain of C9. J. Biol. Chem. 1992, 267 (19): 13675–80. PMID 1377690. 
  • Petranka JG, Fleenor DE, Sykes K, et al. Structure of the CD59-encoding gene: further evidence of a relationship to murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6 protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1992, 89 (17): 7876–7879. PMC 49817可免费查阅. PMID 1381503. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.7876. 
  • Motoyama N, Okada N, Yamashina M, Okada H. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria due to hereditary nucleotide deletion in the HRF20 (CD59) gene. Eur. J. Immunol. 1992, 22 (10): 2669–2673. PMID 1382994. doi:10.1002/eji.1830221029. 
  • Rooney IA, Morgan BP. Characterization of the membrane attack complex inhibitory protein CD59 antigen on human amniotic cells and in amniotic fluid. Immunology. 1992, 76 (4): 541–7. PMC 1421564可免费查阅. PMID 1383132. 
  • Tone M, Walsh LA, Waldmann H. Gene structure of human CD59 and demonstration that discrete mRNAs are generated by alternative polyadenylation. J. Mol. Biol. 1992, 227 (3): 971–976. PMID 1383553. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)90239-G. 
  • Philbrick WM, Palfree RG, Maher SE, et al. The CD59 antigen is a structural homologue of murine Ly-6 antigens but lacks interferon inducibility. Eur. J. Immunol. 1990, 20 (1): 87–92. PMID 1689664. doi:10.1002/eji.1830200113. 
  • Sawada R, Ohashi K, Anaguchi H, et al. Isolation and expression of the full-length cDNA encoding CD59 antigen of human lymphocytes. DNA Cell Biol. 1990, 9 (3): 213–220. PMID 1692709. doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.213. 
  • Yamashina M, Ueda E, Kinoshita T, et al. Inherited complete deficiency of 20-kilodalton homologous restriction factor (CD59) as a cause of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990, 323 (17): 1184–1189. PMID 1699124. doi:10.1056/NEJM199010253231707. 
  • Rooney IA, Morgan BP. Protection of human amniotic epithelial cells (HAEC) from complement-mediated lysis: expression on the cells of three complement inhibitory membrane proteins. Immunology. 1991, 71 (3): 308–11. PMC 1384423可免费查阅. PMID 1702747. 
  • Watts MJ, Dankert JR, Morgan EP. Isolation and characterization of a membrane-attack-complex-inhibiting protein present in human serum and other biological fluids. Biochem. J. 1990, 265 (2): 471–7. PMC 1136908可免费查阅. PMID 2302178. 
  • Okada H, Nagami Y, Takahashi K, et al. 20 KDa homologous restriction factor of complement resembles T cell activating protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1989, 162 (3): 1553–1559. PMID 2475111. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)90852-8. 
  • Davies A, Simmons DL, Hale G, et al. CD59, an LY-6-like protein expressed in human lymphoid cells, regulates the action of the complement membrane attack complex on homologous cells. J. Exp. Med. 1989, 170 (3): 637–654. PMC 2189447可免费查阅. PMID 2475570. doi:10.1084/jem.170.3.637. 
  • Sawada R, Ohashi K, Okano K, et al. Complementary DNA sequence and deduced peptide sequence for CD59/MEM-43 antigen, the human homologue of murine lymphocyte antigen Ly-6C. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989, 17 (16): 6728–6728. PMC 318369可免费查阅. PMID 2476718. doi:10.1093/nar/17.16.6728. 
  • Sugita Y, Tobe T, Oda E, et al. Molecular cloning and characterization of MACIF, an inhibitor of membrane channel formation of complement. J. Biochem. 1990, 106 (4): 555–7. PMID 2606909. 
  • Bora NS, Gobleman CL, Atkinson JP, et al. Differential expression of the complement regulatory proteins in the human eye. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1994, 34 (13): 3579–84. PMID 7505007. 
  • Kieffer B, Driscoll PC, Campbell ID, et al. Three-dimensional solution structure of the extracellular region of the complement regulatory protein CD59, a new cell-surface protein domain related to snake venom neurotoxins. Biochemistry. 1994, 33 (15): 4471–4482. PMID 7512825. doi:10.1021/bi00181a006. 
  • Kennedy SP, Rollins SA, Burton WV, et al. Protection of porcine aortic endothelial cells from complement-mediated cell lysis and activation by recombinant human CD59. Transplantation. 1994, 57 (10): 1494–501. PMID 7515200. doi:10.1097/00007890-199405000-00017. 

外部連結

  • 醫學主題詞表(MeSH):CD59+Antigen
  • Human CD59 genome location and CD59 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser英语UCSC Genome Browser.
  • Template:PDB Gallery/966
蛋白質白血球分化抗原(參見人類白血球分化抗原列表英语list of human clusters of differentiation
1-50
  • CD1
    • a-c英语Group 1 CD1
    • 1A
    • 1D英语CD1D
    • 1E英语CD1E
  • CD2
  • CD3英语CD3 (immunology)
    • γ英语CD3G
    • δ英语CD3D
    • ε英语CD3E
  • CD4
  • CD5英语CD5 (protein)
  • CD6
  • CD7
  • CD8
    • α英语CD8A
    • β
  • CD9
  • CD10英语Neprilysin
  • CD11
    • a英语CD11a
    • b英语Integrin alpha M
    • c英语CD11c
    • d英语ITGAD
  • CD13
  • CD14
  • CD15英语CD15
  • CD16
    • A英语FCGR3A
    • B英语FCGR3B
  • CD18
  • CD19
  • CD20英语CD20
  • CD21英语Complement receptor 2
  • CD22
  • CD23英语CD23
  • CD24
  • CD25英语CD25
  • CD26
  • CD27英语CD27
  • CD28英语CD28
  • CD29
  • CD30英语CD30
  • CD31
  • CD32英语CD32
    • A英语FCGR2A
    • B英语FCGR2B
  • CD33
  • CD34
  • CD35英语Complement receptor 1
  • CD36英语CD36
  • CD37英语CD37
  • CD38英语CD38
  • CD39英语ENTPD1
  • CD40
  • CD41英语ITGA2B
  • CD42英语Glycoprotein Ib
    • a英语Glycoprotein IX
    • b英语GP1BA
    • c英语GP1BB
    • d英语GP5
  • CD43
  • CD44
  • CD45
  • CD46英语CD46
  • CD47
  • CD48英语CD48
  • CD49
    • a英语CD49a
    • b英语CD49b
    • c英语CD49c
    • d英语CD49d
    • e英语ITGA5
    • f英语ITGA6
  • CD50英语ICAM3
51-100
  • CD51英语ITGAV
  • CD52英语CD52
  • CD53英语CD53
  • CD54英语ICAM-1
  • CD55
  • CD56
  • CD57英语B3GAT1
  • CD58英语CD58
  • CD59
  • CD61
  • CD62
    • E
    • L
    • P
  • CD63
  • CD64英语CD64 (biology)
    • A英语FCGR1A
    • B英语FCGR1B
    • C英语FCGR1C
  • CD66
    • a英语CEACAM1
    • b
    • c英语CEACAM6
    • d英语CEACAM3
    • e英语CEACAM5
    • f英语PSG1 (gene)
  • CD68英语CD68
  • CD69英语CD69
  • CD70英语CD70
  • CD71
  • CD72英语CD72
  • CD73英语NT5E
  • CD74英语CD74
  • CD78英语CD78
  • CD79
    • a英语CD79A
    • b英语CD79B
  • CD80英语CD80
  • CD81英语CD81
  • CD82英语CD82 (gene)
  • CD83英语CD83
  • CD84英语CD84
  • CD85
    • a英语LILRB3
    • d英语LILRB2
    • e英语LILRA3
    • h英语LILRA2
    • j英语LILRB1
    • k英语LILRB4
  • CD86英语CD86
  • CD87
  • CD88
  • CD89英语FCAR
  • CD90
  • CD91英语LRP1 -CD92英语SLC44A1
  • CD93英语CD93
  • CD94英语KLRD1
  • CD95英语Fas receptor
  • CD96英语CD96
  • CD97英语CD97
  • CD98英语CD98
  • CD99英语CD99
  • CD100英语SEMA4D
101-150
  • CD101英语IGSF2
  • CD102英语ICAM2
  • CD103英语ITGAE
  • CD104英语ITGB4
  • CD105英语Endoglin
  • CD106
  • CD107
    • a英语LAMP1
    • b英语LAMP2
  • CD108英语SEMA7A
  • CD109英语CD109
  • CD110英语Myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene
  • CD111英语PVRL1
  • CD112英语PVRL2
  • CD113英语PVRL3
  • CD114英语Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor
  • CD115英语Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor
  • CD116英语Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor
  • CD117英语CD117
  • CD118英语Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor
  • CD119英语Interferon gamma receptor 1
  • CD120英语CD120
    • a英语TNFRSF1A
    • b英语TNFRSF1B
  • CD121
    • a英语Interleukin 1 receptor, type I
    • b英语Interleukin 1 receptor, type II
  • CD122英语IL-2 receptor
  • CD123英语IL3RA
  • CD124英语Interleukin-4 receptor
  • CD125英语Interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit
  • CD126英语Interleukin-6 receptor
  • CD127英语Interleukin-7 receptor
  • CD129英语Interleukin-9 receptor
  • CD130英语Glycoprotein 130
  • CD131
  • CD132
  • CD133英语CD133
  • CD134英语CD134
  • CD135英语CD135
  • CD136英语MST1R
  • CD137英语CD137
  • CD138英语Syndecan 1
  • CD140b英语PDGFRB
  • CD141英语Thrombomodulin
  • CD142英语Tissue factor
  • CD143
  • CD144英语VE-cadherin
  • CD146英语CD146
  • CD147英语Basigin
  • CD148英语PTPRJ
  • CD150英语SLAMF1
151-200
  • CD151英语CD151
  • CD152
  • CD153英语CD153
  • CD154英语CD154
  • CD155英语CD155
  • CD156
    • a英语ADAM8
    • b英语ADAM17
    • c英语ADAM10
  • CD157英语BST1
  • CD158a英语KIR2DL1
  • d英语KIR2DL4
  • e英语KIR3DL1
  • i英语KIR2DS4
  • k英语KIR3DL2
  • CD159
    • a英语NKG2
    • c英语KLRC2
  • CD160英语CD160
  • CD161英语KLRB1
  • CD162英语P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1
  • CD163英语CD163
  • CD164
  • CD166英语ALCAM
  • CD167
    • a
    • b英语Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2
  • CD168英语Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor
  • CD169英语sialoadhesin
  • CD170英语SIGLEC5
  • CD171英语L1 (protein)
  • CD172
    • a英语Signal-regulatory protein alpha
    • b英语SIRPB1
    • g英语SIRPG
  • CD174英语Fucosyltransferase 3
  • CD177英语CD177
  • CD178英语Fas ligand
  • CD179
    • a英语VPREB1
    • b英语IGLL1
  • CD180英语CD180
  • CD181英语Interleukin 8 receptor, alpha
  • CD182英语Interleukin 8 receptor, beta
  • CD183
  • CD184
  • CD185
  • CD186英语CXCR6
  • CD191英语CCR1
  • CD192英语CCR2
  • CD193英语CCR3 (gene)
  • CD194英语CCR4
  • CD195
  • CD196英语C-C chemokine receptor type 6
  • CD197英语C-C chemokine receptor type 7
  • CDw198英语CCR8 (gene)
  • CDw199英语CCR9
  • CD200英语CD200
201-250
  • CD201英语Endothelial protein C receptor
  • CD202b英语TEK tyrosine kinase
  • CD204英语MSR1
  • CD205英语LY75
  • CD206英语Mannose receptor
  • CD207英语CD207
  • CD208英语LAMP3
  • CD209英语DC-SIGN
  • CDw210
    • a英语Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunitInterleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit
    • b英语Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunitInterleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit
  • CD212英语Interleukin 12 receptor, beta 1 subunit
  • CD213a
    • 1英语IL13RA1
    • 2英语IL13RA2
  • CD217英语IL17RA
  • CD218IL18R1a英语IL18R1
  • b英语IL18RAP
  • CD220英语Insulin receptor
  • CD221
  • CD222英语Insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor
  • CD223英语LAG3
  • CD224英语GGT1
  • CD225英语IFITM1
  • CD226英语CD226
  • CD227英语MUC1
  • CD228英语MFI2
  • CD229英语LY9
  • CD230
  • CD233英语Band 3
  • CD234英语Duffy antigen system
  • CD235
    • a英语GYPA
    • b英语GYPB
  • CD236英语Glycophorin C
  • CD238
  • CD239英语BCAM
  • CD240CE英语RHCE (gene)
  • CD240D英语RHD (gene)
  • CD241英语RHAG
  • CD243英语P-glycoprotein
  • CD244英语CD244
  • CD246英语Anaplastic lymphoma kinase
  • CD248
  • CD249
251-300
  • CD252英语OX40L
  • CD253英语TRAIL
  • CD254
  • CD256英语TNFSF13
  • CD257英语B-cell activating factor
  • CD258英语TNFSF14
  • CD261英语TNFRSF10A
  • CD262英语TNFRSF10B
  • CD264英语TNFRSF10D
  • CD265英语RANK
  • CD266英语TNFRSF12A
  • CD267英语TNFRSF13B
  • CD268英语TNFRSF13C
  • CD269英语TNFRSF17
  • CD271英语Low affinity nerve growth factor receptor
  • CD272英语BTLA
  • CD273英语PDCD1LG2
  • CD274
  • CD275英语ICOSLG
  • CD276英语CD276
  • CD278英语CD278
  • CD279英语Programmed cell death 1
  • CD280英语Mannose receptor
  • CD281
  • CD282
  • CD283
  • CD284
  • CD286
  • CD288
  • CD289
  • CD290英语TLR10
  • CD292英语BMPR1A
  • CDw293英语BMPR1B
  • CD294英语GPR44
  • CD295英语Leptin receptor
  • CD297英语ART4
  • CD298英语ATP1B3
  • CD299英语CLEC4M
301-350
  • CD300A英语CD300A
  • CD301英语CLEC10A
  • CD302英语CD302
  • CD303英语CLEC4C
  • CD304英语Neuropilin
  • CD305英语LAIR1
  • CD306英语LAIR2
  • CD307英语FCRL5
  • CD309英语Kinase insert domain receptor
  • CD312英语EMR2
  • CD314英语NKG2D
  • CD315英语PTGFRN
  • CD316英语IGSF8
  • CD317英语Tetherin
  • CD318英语CDCP1
  • CD320英语CD320
  • CD321英语F11 receptor
  • CD322英语JAM2
  • CD324英语CDH1 (gene)
  • CD325英语CDH2
  • CD326
  • CD328英语SIGLEC7
  • CD329英语SIGLEC8
  • CD331英语Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1
  • CD332英语Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
  • CD333英语Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
  • CD334英语Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4
  • CD335英语NCR1
  • CD336英语NCR2
  • CD337英语NCR3
  • CD338英语ABCG2
  • CD339英语JAG1
  • CD340
  • CD344英语FZD4
  • CD349英语FZD9
  • CD350英语FZD10
激活途徑
  • 經典途徑(C
  • 凝集素途徑(L
  • 替代途徑(A
激活物/酶
前端反應
  • 經典途徑:C1英语Complement_component_1
    • C1q英语Complement_component_1q
    • C1r英语Complement_component_1r
    • C1s英语Complement_component_1s
  • C4英语Complement component 4
    • C4a英语C4a
    • C4b英语C4b
  • C2英语Complement component 2
  • 凝集素途徑:MASP-1/MASP-2
  • MBL
  • 替代途徑:B因子英语Complement factor B
  • D因子英语Complement factor D
  • 备解素英语Properdin(P因子)
中間反應
  • C3英语Complement component 3
    • C3a英语C3a
    • C3b英语C3b/iC3b英语iC3b
  • C5英语Complement component 5
    • C5a英语Complement component 5a
    • C5b英语Complement component 5b
  • C3轉化酶英语C3-convertase
  • C5轉化酶英语C5-convertase
末端通路
抑制物
  • CLA: C1抑制物英语C1-inhibitor
  • 衰變加速因子/CD59
  • I因子英语Complement factor I
  • CL: C4BP英语C4b-binding protein
  • A: H因子英语Factor H
補體受體英语Complement receptor
  • 補體受體1
功能
  • 膜攻擊複合物(MAC)
  • 調理作用英语Opsonization
  • 免疫黏附英语Immune adherence
  • 介導炎症