Donald James Cram

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Premio Nobel per la chimica 1987

Donald James Cram (Chester, 22 aprile 1919 – Palm Desert, 17 giugno 2001) è stato un chimico statunitense, vincitore del Premio Nobel per la chimica nel 1987.

Biografia

Si laureò alla Università di Harvard e insegnò dal 1956 all'Università della California di Los Angeles. Studiò un gruppo di composti organici particolari che presentano una struttura molecolare ciclica o ad anello in grado di accoppiarsi stericamente o selettivamente con altre molecole organiche di struttura specifica. Per tali studi ottenne, con C. Pedersen e Jean-Marie Lehn, il premio Nobel per la chimica nel 1987.

Collegamenti esterni

Cram, Donald, su sapere.it, De Agostini.
(EN) Donald J. Cram, su Enciclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
(EN) Donald James Cram, su nobelprize.org.
(EN) Donald James Cram, su Encyclopedia of Surfing.

V · D · M Vincitori del Premio Nobel per la chimica
1901 - 1925	Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (1901) • Emil Fischer (1902) • Svante Arrhenius (1903) • William Ramsay (1904) • Adolf von Baeyer (1905) • Henri Moissan (1906) • Eduard Buchner (1907) • Ernest Rutherford (1908) • Wilhelm Ostwald (1909) • Otto Wallach (1910) • Marie Curie (1911) • Victor Grignard, Paul Sabatier (1912) • Alfred Werner (1913) • Theodore Richards (1914) • Richard Willstätter (1915) • Fritz Haber (1918) • Walther Nernst (1920) • Frederick Soddy (1921) • Francis Aston (1922) • Fritz Pregl (1923) • Richard Zsigmondy (1925)
1926 - 1950	Theodor Svedberg (1926) • Heinrich Wieland (1927) • Adolf Windaus (1928) • Arthur Harden, Hans von Euler-Chelpin (1929) • Hans Fischer (1930) • Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius (1931) • Irving Langmuir (1932) • Harold Urey (1934) • Frédéric Joliot-Curie, Irène Joliot-Curie (1935) • Peter Debye (1936) • Walter Haworth, Paul Karrer (1937) • Richard Kuhn (1938) • Adolf Butenandt, Lavoslav Ružička (1939) • George de Hevesy (1943) • Otto Hahn (1944) • Artturi Virtanen (1945) • James B. Sumner, John Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley (1946) • Robert Robinson (1947) • Arne Tiselius (1948) • William Giauque (1949) • Otto Diels, Kurt Alder (1950)
1951 - 1975	Edwin McMillan, Glenn T. Seaborg (1951) • Archer Martin, Richard Synge (1952) • Hermann Staudinger (1953) • Linus Pauling (1954) • Vincent du Vigneaud (1955) • Cyril Hinshelwood, Nikolaj Semënov (1956) • Alexander Todd (1957) • Frederick Sanger (1958) • Jaroslav Heyrovský (1959) • Willard Libby (1960) • Melvin Calvin (1961) • Max Perutz, John Kendrew (1962) • Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta (1963) • Dorothy Hodgkin (1964) • Robert Woodward (1965) • Robert Mulliken (1966) • Manfred Eigen, Ronald Norrish, George Porter (1967) • Lars Onsager (1968) • Derek Barton, Odd Hassel (1969) • Luis Federico Leloir (1970) • Gerhard Herzberg (1971) • Christian Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William Stein (1972) • E. O. Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson (1973) • Paul Flory (1974) • John Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog (1975)
1976 - 2000	William Lipscomb (1976) • Il'ja Prigožin (1977) • Peter Mitchell (1978) • Herbert Brown, Georg Wittig (1979) • Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger (1980) • Ken'ichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann (1981) • Aaron Klug (1982) • Henry Taube (1983) • Robert Merrifield (1984) • Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle (1985) • Dudley Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John Polanyi (1986) • Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen (1987) • Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel (1988) • Sidney Altman, Thomas Cech (1989) • Elias Corey (1990) • Richard R. Ernst (1991) • Rudolph Marcus (1992) • Kary Mullis, Michael Smith (1993) • George Olah (1994) • Paul Crutzen, Mario Molina, Frank Rowland (1995) • Robert Curl, Harold Kroto, Richard Smalley (1996) • Paul Boyer, John Ernest Walker, Jens Skou (1997) • Walter Kohn, John Pople (1998) • Ahmed Zewail (1999) • Alan Jay Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa (2000)
2001 - oggi	William Knowles, Ryōji Noyori, Barry Sharpless (2001) • John B. Fenn, Kōichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich (2002) • Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon (2003) • Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose (2004) • Robert Grubbs, Richard Schrock, Yves Chauvin (2005) • Roger D. Kornberg (2006) • Gerhard Ertl (2007) • Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Tsien (2008) • Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas Steitz, Ada Yonath (2009) • Richard Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki (2010) • Dan Shechtman (2011) • Brian Kobilka, Robert Lefkowitz (2012) • Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, Arieh Warshel (2013) • Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell, William Moerner (2014) • Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich, Aziz Sancar (2015) • Jean-Pierre Sauvage, James Fraser Stoddart, Bernard Feringa (2016) • Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, Richard Henderson (2017) • Frances Hamilton Arnold, George Pieczenik Smith, Gregory Paul Winter (2018) • John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Akira Yoshino (2019) • Emmanuelle Charpentier, Jennifer Doudna (2020) • David MacMillan, Benjamin List (2021) • Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, Barry Sharpless (2022) • Moungi Bawendi, Aleksej Ekimov, Louis Brus

V · D · M

Vincitori della National Medal of Science per la chimica

Roger Adams (1964) · Frank Albert Cotton, Gilbert Stork (1982) · Roald Hoffmann, George C. Pimentel, Richard Zare (1983) · Harry B. Gray, Yuan T. Lee, Carl S. Marvel, Frank H. Westheimer (1986) · William S. Johnson, Walter H. Stockmayer, Max Tishler (1987) · William O. Baker, Konrad Emil Bloch, Elias James Corey (1988) · Richard B. Bernstein, Melvin Calvin, Rudoph A. Marcus, Harden M. McConnell (1989) · Elkan Blout, Karl August Folkers, John D. Roberts (1990) · Ronald Breslow, Gertrude B. Elion, Dudley Herschbach, Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1991) · Howard Ensign Simmons Jr. (1992) · Donald J. Cram, Norman Hackerman (1993) · George S. Hammond (1994) · Thomas Cech, Isabella L. Karle (1995) · Norman Davidson (1996) · Darleane C. Hoffman, Harold S. Johnston (1997) · John W. Cahn, George M. Whitesides (1998) · Stuart A. Rice, John Ross, Susan Solomon (1999) · John D. Baldeschwieler, Ralph F. Hirschmann (2000) · Ernest R. Davidson, Gábor Arpad Somorjai (2001) · John I. Brauman (2002) · Stephen J. Lippard (2004) · Tobin J. Marks 2005) · Marvin H. Caruthers, Peter B. Dervan (2006) · Mostafa A. El-Sayed (2007) · Joanna S. Fowler, JoAnne Stubbe (2008) · Stephen J. Benkovic, Marye Anne Fox (2009) · Jacqueline K. Barton, Peter J. Stang (2010) · Allen Bard, Frederick Hawthorne (2011) · Judith P. Klinman, Jerrold Meinwald (2012) · Geraldine L. Richmond (2013) · Paul Alivisatos (2014)

V · D · M

Vincitori del Premio Willard Gibbs (ACS)

Svante Arrhenius (1911) • Theodore William Richards (1912) • Leo Baekeland (1913) • Ira Remsen (1914) • Arthur Amos Noyes (1915) • Willis R. Whitney (1916) • Edward Morley (1917) • William Merriam Burton (1918) • William A. Noyes (1919) • Frederick Gardner Cottrell (1920) • Marie Curie (1921) • Julius Stieglitz (1923) • Gilbert Lewis (1924) • Moses Gomberg (1925) • James Colquhoun Irvine (1926) • John Jacob Abel (1927) • William Draper Harkins (1928) • Claude Silbert Hudson (1929) • Irving Langmuir (1930) • Phoebus Levene (1931) • Edward Curtis Franklin (1932) • Richard Martin Willstätter (1933) • Harold Urey (1934) • Charles August Kraus (1935) • Roger Adams (1936) • Herbert Newby McCoy (1937) • Robert R. Williams (1938) • Donald Dexter Van Slyke (1939) • Vladimir Ipatieff (1940) • Edward Adelbert Doisy (1941) • Thomas Midgley (1942) • Conrad Arnold Elvehjem (1943) • George O. Curme, Jr. (1944) • Frank C. Whitmore (1945) • Linus Pauling (1946) • Wendell Meredith Stanley (1947) • Carl F. Cori (1948) • Peter Debye (1949) • Carl S. Marvel (1950) William Francis Giauque (1951) William C. Rose (1952) • Joel Henry Hildebrand (1953) • Elmer K. Bolton (1954) • Farrington Daniels (1955) • Vincent du Vigneaud (1956) • W. Albert Noyes, Jr. (1957) • Willard Frank Libby (1958) • Hermann Irving Schlesinger (1959) • George B. Kistiakowsky (1960) • Louis Plack Hammett (1961) • Lars Onsager (1962) • Paul Doughty Bartlett (1963) • Izaak M. Kolthoff (1964) • Robert Mulliken (1965) • Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1966) • Robert Burns Woodward (1967) • Henry Eyring (1968) • Gerhard Herzberg (1969) • Frank H. Westheimer (1970) • Henry Taube (1971) • John T. Edsall (1972) • Paul Flory (1973) • Har Gobind Khorana (1974) • Herman F. Mark (1975) • Kenneth S. Pitzer (1976) • Melvin Calvin (1977) • William O. Baker (1978) • Edgar Bright Wilson (1979) • Frank Albert Cotton (1980) • Bert Lester Vallee (1981) • Gilbert Stork (1982) • John D. Roberts (1983) • Elias James Corey (1984) • Donald James Cram (1985) • Jack Halpern (1986) • Allen Bard (1987) • Rudolph Marcus (1988) • Richard Barry Bernstein (1989) • Richard Zare (1990) • Günther Wilke (1991) • Harry B. Gray (1992) • Peter B. Dervan (1993) • Frederick Hawthorne (1994) • John Meurig Thomas (1995) • Fred Basolo (1996) • Carl Djerassi (1997) • Mario Molina (1998) • Lawrence F. Dahl (1999) • Nicholas Turro (2000) • Tobin J. Marks (2001) • Ralph Hirschmann (2002) • John I. Brauman (2003) • Ronald Breslow (2004) • David A. Evans (2005) • Jacqueline K. Barton (2006) • Sylvia T. Ceyer (2007) • Carolyn R. Bertozzi (2008) • Louis Brus (2009) • Maurice Brookhart (2010) • Robert G. Bergman (2011) • Mark Ratner (2012) • Charles M. Lieber (2013) • John E. Bercaw (2014) • John F. Hartwig (2015) • Laura L. Kiessling (2016) • Judith Klinman (2017) • Cynthia Burrows (2018) • Marcetta Y. Darensbourg (2019)

V · D · M

Vincitori della Medaglia Glenn T. Seaborg (UCLA)

Glenn Theodore Seaborg (1987) • Warren W. Kaeding (1988) • Donald James Cram (1989) • George Gregory (1990) • John D. Roberts (1991) • Ralph H. Bauer (1992) • Robert Bruce Merrifield (1993) • George S. Hammond (1994) • George B. Rathmann (1995) • Mary L. Good (1996) • Frederick Hawthorne (1997) • Paul Delos Boyer (1998) • John P. McTague (1999) • Daniel Koshland (2000) • James B. Peter (2001) • Richard Smalley (2002) • Ad Bax, Alexander Pines (2003) • David Eisenberg (2004) • Ronald M. Evans (2005) • David A. Evans (2006) • R. Stanley Williams (2007) • Joan Selverstone Valentine (2008) • Mostafa A. El-Sayed (2009) • Robert Tjian (2010) • Richard Heck (2011) • Harold Varmus (2012) • Kendall Houk (2013) • Fred Wudl, Linda Wudl (2014) • Stefan Hell (2015) • Michael E. Jung (2016) • William Gelbart (2017) • Richard Henderson, Robert Glaeser (2018) • Paul Alivisatos (2019)

V · D · M

Vincitori del Premio Arthur C. Cope (ACS)

Roald Hoffmann, Robert Burns Woodward (1973) • Donald James Cram (1974) • Elias James Corey (1975) • Orville L. Chapman (1978) • Gilbert Stork (1980) • Frank H. Westheimer (1982) • Albert J. Eschenmoser (1984) • Duilio Arigoni (1986) • Ronald Breslow (1987) • Kenneth B. Wiberg (1988) • William Summer Johnson (1989) • Koji Nakanishi (1990) • Gerhard L. Closs (1991) • Barry Sharpless (1992) • Peter B. Dervan (1993) • John D. Roberts (1994) • George M. Whitesides (1995) • Robert G. Bergman (1996) • Ryōji Noyori (1997) • Samuel J. Danishefsky (1998) • Ralph F. Hirschmann (1999) • David A. Evans (2000) • George Andrew Olah (2001) • Robert Grubbs (2002) • Larry E. Overman (2003) • Barry M. Trost (2004) • K.C. Nicolaou (2005) • Peter G. Schultz (2006) • Jean Fréchet (2007) • James Fraser Stoddart (2008) • Manfred T. Reetz (2009) • Kendall N. Houk (2010) • Nicholas Turro (2011) • Chi-Huey Wong (2012) • Stephen L. Buchwald (2013) • Stuart Schreiber (2014) • Paul A. Wender (2015) • Eric Jacobsen (2016) • Carolyn R. Bertozzi (2017) • Steven Ley (2018) • Dieter Seebach (2019) • Dennis A. Dougherty (2020)

V · D · M

Vincitori del NAS Award in Chemical Sciences

Linus Pauling (1979) • Frank H. Westheimer (1980) • Bruno H. Zimm (1981) • Gilbert Stork (1982) • Henry Taube (1983) • Richard B. Bernstein (1985) • Roald Hoffmann (1986) • Herbert C. Brown (1987) • Harden M. McConnell (1988) • Ronald Breslow (1989) • F. Albert Cotton (1990) • Richard N. Zare (1991) • Donald J. Cram (1992) • Richard H. Holm (1993) • Koji Nakanishi (1994) • Isabella L. Karle (1995) • Ahmed H. Zewail (1996) • M. Frederick Hawthorne (1997) • Allen J. Bard (1998) • John D. Roberts (1999) • K. Barry Sharpless (2000) • John I. Brauman (2001) • Elias J. Corey (2002) • Harry B. Gray (2003) • Robert G. Parr (2004) • Thomas C. Bruice (2005) • Samuel J. Danishefsky (2006) • Robert G. Bergman (2007) • JoAnne Stubbe (2008) • Joanna S. Fowler (2009) • Louis E. Brus (2010) • Stephen J. Benkovic (2011)

Controllo di autorità	VIAF (EN) 12760021 · ISNI (EN) 0000 0001 1597 3372 · LCCN (EN) n50019077 · GND (DE) 119220253 · BNF (FR) cb12281342f (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007289581905171 · NDL (EN, JA) 00436827