Konvensi Kerangka Kerja Perubahan Iklim Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa

Konvensi Kerangka Kerja Perubahan Iklim Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa

Logo UNFCCC
Dirancang	9 Mei 1992
Ditandatangani	4 Juni 1992
Lokasi	New York City, A.S.
Efektif	21 Maret 1994
Syarat	Ratifikasi oleh 50 negara
Penanda tangan	165
Ratifikasi	196 (semua negara anggota Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, ditambah Niue, Kepulauan Cook, dan Uni Eropa)[1]
Penyimpan	Sekretaris Jenderal Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa
Bahasa	Arab, Cina, Inggris, Prancis, Rusia, dan Spanyol

Konvensi Kerangka Kerja Perubahan Iklim Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (UNFCCC) adalah perjanjian lingkungan internasional yang dirundingkan pada KTT Bumi di Rio de Janeiro tanggal 3 sampai 14 Juni 1992 dan diberlakukan tanggal 21 Maret 1994. Tujuan UNFCCC adalah "menstabilkan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca di atmosfer sampai tingkat yang mampu mencegah campur tangan manusia dengan sistem iklim".^[2] Kerangka kerja ini tidak menetapkan batas emisi gas rumah kaca yang mengikat terhadap setiap negara dan tidak mencantumkan mekanisme penegakan hukum. Kerangka kerja ini menentukan bagaimana perjanjian internasional tertentu (disebut "protokol") dapat mengatur batas gas rumah kaca yang benar-benar mengikat.

Awalnya, Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee menulis teks Konvensi Kerangka Kerja dalam pertemuan di New York tanggal 30 April sampai 9 Mei 1992. UNFCCC diadopsi tanggal 9 Mei 1992 dan dapat ditandatangani sejak 4 Juni 1992.^[3] UNFCCC melibatkan 196 penandatangan per Maret 2014. Konvensi ini mendapat legitimasi luas karena keanggotaannya yang hampir universal.^[4]

Penandatangan konvensi ini bertemu setiap tahun sejak 1995 dalam Konferensi Penandatangan (COP) untuk menilai kemajuan terkait perubahan iklim. Pada tahun 1997, Protokol Kyoto disepakati dan mewajibkan negara-negara maju untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca.^[5] Perjanjian Cancún 2010 menyatakan bahwa pemanasan global di masa yang akan datang harus dibatasi di bawah 2,0 °C (3,6 °F) relatif terhadap tingkat suhu pra-industri.^[6] COP ke-20 dilaksanakan di Peru tahun 2014.^[7]

Salah satu tugas pertama yang ditetapkan UNFCCC adalah pembentukan inventaris gas rumah kaca nasional yang berisikan emisi dan pengurangan gas rumah kaca (GRK) oleh setiap negara penandatangan. Inventaris tersebut akan digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat suhu yang diperlukan agar negara-negara Aneks I Protokol Kyoto bisa bergabung dan berkomitmen mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca. Inventaris harus selalu dimutakhirkan secara rutin oleh negara-negara Aneks I.

UNFCCC juga merupakan nama Sekretariat Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa yang ditugaskan mendukung pelaksanaan Konvensi ini. Kantornya terletak di Haus Carstanjen, dan UN Campus (Langer Eugen) di Bonn, Jerman. Sejak 2006 sampai 2010, sekretariat ini dipimpin oleh Yvo de Boer. Tanggal 17 Mei 2010, Christiana Figueres dari Costa Rica menggantikan de Boer. Sekretariat yang dibantu oleh program paralel Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ini bertujuan mencapai kesepakatan melalui rapat dan pembahasan sejumlah strategi.

Lihat pula

• Konferensi Perubahan Iklim Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa
• Etika iklim
• Aksi individu dan politik terhadap perubahan iklim
• Daftar perjanjian lingkungan internasional
• Protokol Montreal
• Protokol Kyoto
• Perundingan emisi gas rumah kaca pasca-Protokol Kyoto
• Konvensi Melawan Penggurunan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa

Catatan kaki

Referensi

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