Kontra-kebudayaan pada 1960-an
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Kontra-kebudayaan pada 1960-an merujuk kepada sebuah fenomena kebudayaan anti-kemapanan yang mula-mula berkembang di Britania Raya dan Amerika Serikat (AS) dan kemudian tersebar di seluruh dunia Barat pada awal 1960-an dan pertengahan 1970-an, dengan London, Kota New York, dan San Francisco menjadi titik panas dari kegiatan kontra-kebudayaan awal. Gerakan agregasi tersebut mencapai momentum saat Gerakan Hak Sipil Amerika makin bertumbuh, dan menjadi revolusioner dengan ekspansi intervensi militer ekstensif pemerintah AS di Vietnam.[3][4][5] Saat 1960-an berjalan, merebaknya ketegangan sosial yang berkembang terkait masalah-masalah lainnya, dan melingkupi tuntutan-tuntutan terkait seksualitas manusia, hak asasi wanita, mode otoritas tradisional, eksperimentasi dengan obat-obatan psikoaktif, dan tafsiran berbeda terhadap Mimpi Amerika. Beberapa gerakan penting terkait masalah tersebut lahir dan memajukan kontra-kebudayaan pada 1960-an.
Referensi
- ^ Liungman, Carl (1991). Dictionary of Symbols. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. hlm. 253. ISBN 0-87436-610-0.
- ^ Westcott, Kathryn (March 20, 2008). "World's best-known protest symbol turns 50". bbc.co.uk. BBC. Diakses tanggal June 10, 2014.
- ^ Hirsch, E. D. (1993). The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-395-65597-9. p. 419. "Members of a cultural protest that began in the U.S. in the 1960s and affected Europe before fading in the 1970s ... fundamentally a cultural rather than a political protest."
- ^ Anderson, Terry H. (1995). The Movement and the Sixties. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-510457-8.
- ^ Landis, Judson R., ed. (1973). Current Perspectives on Social Problems (edisi ke-Third). Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Co. hlm. 2. ISBN 0-534-00289-7.
Culture is the "social heritage" of society. It includes the complex set of learned and shared beliefs, customs, skills, habits, traditions, and knowledge common to the members of society. Within a culture, there may be subcultures made up of specific groups that are somewhat separate from the rest of society because of distinct traits, beliefs, or interests.
Bacaan tambahan
- Jackson, Rebecca. "The 1960s: A Bibliography". Iowa State University Library. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-03-15. Diakses tanggal 2017-04-13.
- Lemke-Santangelo, Gretchen (2009). Daughters of Aquarius: Women of the Sixties Counterculture. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-1633-6.
- Reich, Charles A. (1995) [1970]. The Greening of America (edisi ke-25th anniversary). Three Rivers Press. ISBN 978-0-517-88636-6.
- Roche, Nancy McGuire, "The Spectacle of Gender: Representations of Women in British and American Cinema of the Nineteen-Sixties" (PhD dissertation. Middle Tennessee State University, 2011). DA3464539.
- Roszak, Theodore (1968). The Making of a Counter Culture. University of California.
- Street, Joe, "Dirty Harry's San Francisco," The Sixties: A Journal of History, Politics, and Culture, 5 (June 2012), 1–21.
- "American Experience: Primary Resources: Truth about Indochina, 1954". PBS. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2017-03-11. Diakses tanggal 2017-04-13.
- Shribman, David (November 9, 2013). "If JFK had lived". Pittsburg Post-Gazette.
- Roberts, Sam (September 21, 2008). "A Spy Confesses, and Still Some Weep for the Rosenbergs". New York Times.
- Weber, Bruce (March 24, 2011). "Leonard I. Weinglass, Lawyer, Dies at 77; Defended Renegades and the Notorious". New York Times.
- Perrone, James E. (2004). Music of the Counterculture Era. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-32689-4.
- Miller, Richard J. (2013). "Timothy Leary's liberation, and the CIA's experiments! LSD's amazing, psychedelic history (Excerpt)". Salon.com.
- Weekes, Julia Ann (October 31, 2008). "Warhol's Pop Politics". Smithsonian Magazine. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-09-27. Diakses tanggal 2017-04-13.
- Rasmussen, Cecilia (August 5, 2007). "Closing of club ignited the 'Sunset Strip riots'". Los Angeles Times.
- Kitchell, Mark, Berkeley in the Sixties (1990 Film Documentary), Libra Films
Pranala luar
- Lisa Law Photographic Exhibition at Smithsonian Institution (with commentary)
- John Hoyland, Power to the People, The Guardian, 15 March 2008
- 1960s archive with photographs of be-ins and protests Diarsipkan 2014-03-08 di Wayback Machine.
- The 1960s: Years that Shaped a Generation
- Online archive of underground publications from the 1960s counterculture Diarsipkan 2014-07-19 di Wayback Machine.
- Scott Stephenson (2014) LSD and the American Counterculture, Burgmann Journal (PDF)
