Ion Antonescu
Jenderal Besar Ion Victor Antonescu | |
|---|---|
 Antonescu | |
| Perdana Menteri Rumania | |
| Masa jabatan 5 September 1940 – 23 Agustus 1944 | |
 Pendahulu Ion Gigurtu Pengganti Constantin Sănătescu  | |
| Conducător Rumania | |
| Masa jabatan 6 September 1940 – 23 Agustus 1944 | |
| Informasi pribadi | |
| Lahir | 15 Juni 1882 Piteşti |
| Meninggal | 1 Juni 1946(1946-06-01) (umur 63) Jilava |
| Kebangsaan | Rumania |
| Partai politik | tidak ada |
| Suami/istri | Maria Antonescu |
| Profesi | tentara |
| Karier militer | |
| Pangkat | Marshal of Romania |
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Ion Victor Antonescu (15 Juni 1882 – 1 Juni 1946) adalah tentara, politikus otoriter dan penjahat perang Rumania. Ia menjadi Perdana Menteri dan Conducător Rumania selama Perang Dunia II.
Selama akhir tahun 1930-an, pendirian politiknya membawanya dalam konflik dengan Raja Rumania Carol II. Antonescu bangkit selama krisis politik tahun 1940. Ia bersekutu dengan Jerman Nazi dan Blok Poros. Segera setelah Rumania bergabung dengan Blok Poros dalam Operasi Barbarossa, merebut kembali Bessarabia dan Bukovina Utara, Antonescu menjadi Marshal of Romania.
Ia bertanggung jawab atas kematian lebih dari 400.000 orang, kebanyakan Yahudi Bessarabia, Ukraina dan Rumania. Selain holocaust, rezimnya juga melaksanakan pogrom dan pembunuhan massal, seperti pembantaian Odessa 1941 dengan pembersihan etnis serta deportasi sistematis.
Dengan kekalahan di Front Timur Perang Dunia II, Antonescu melakukan negosiasi dengan Sekutu. Koalisi politik dibentuk di antara raja muda Michael I. Michael menggulingkannya dalam kudeta 23 Agustus 1944. Setelah berada di Uni Soviet dalam waktu singkat, Antonescu diserahkan kembali kepada Rumania, dimana ia dieksekusi.
Referensi
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- Z. Ornea, Anii treizeci. Extrema dreaptă românească, Editura Fundaţiei Culturale Române, Bucharest, 1995. ISBN 973-9155-43-X
- Monty Noam Penkower, The Jews Were Expendable: Free World Diplomacy and the Holocaust, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1988. ISBN 0-8143-1952-1
- Antony Polonsky, Joanna B. Michlic, introduction to The Neighbors Respond: The Controversy over the Jedwabne Massacre in Poland, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2004, p. 1-43. ISBN 0-691-11306-8
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- Gerhard L. Weinberg, Germany, Hitler, and World War II: Essays in Modern German and World History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996. ISBN 0-521-56626-6
- George W. White, Nationalism and Territory. Constructing Group Identity in Southeastern Europe, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, 2000. ISBN 0-8476-9809-2
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| Republik Sosialis Rumania |
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| Rumania sejak 1989 | ||
Italik menandakan pejabat sementara. | ||
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