Hephaestion

Hephaestion
Kepala marmer Hephaestion, pada September 2015 disipan di Museum Getty
Julukan	Patroclus
Lahir	s. 356 SM Pella, Makedonia
Meninggal	324 SM Ecbatana^[1]
Pengabdian	Makedonia
Pangkat	Jenderal, Komando ke-2
Kesatuan	Somatofilakes
Komandan	Companion cavalry
Perang/pertempuran	Pengepungan Pelium, Pertempuran Thebes, Pertempuran Granicus, Pengepungan Halicarnassus, Pengepungan Miletus, Pertempuran Issus, Pengepungan Tyre (332 SM), Pengepungan Gaza, Pertempuran Gaugamela, Pertempuran Gerbang Persia, Pengepungan Aornos, Pertempuran Sungai Hydaspes, Kampanye Mallian
Pasangan	Drypetis (putri dinasti Achaemenid di Persia)^[2]

Hephaestion (bahasa Yunani Kuno: Ἡφαιστίων Hephaistíon; s. 356 BC – 324 SM), putra dari Amyntor, adalah seorang bangsawan dan jenderal Makedonia dalam ketentaraan Aleksander Agung. Ia merupakan "... orang tersayang dari antara semua teman raja; ia dibesarkan bersama dengan Aleksander dan mengetahui semua rahasianya ."^[3] Pertemanan ini berlangsung sepanjang masa hidup mereka, dan berbanding dengan Achilles dan Patroclus, baik oleh orang lain serta diri mereka sendiri.

Catatan

^ A. B. Bosworth; Elizabeth Baynham (2002). Alexander the Great in Fact and Fiction. Oxford University Press. hlm. 167. ISBN 978-0-19-925275-6.
^ Falk, Avner (1996). A Psychoanalytic History of the Jews. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. hlm. 211. ISBN 9780838636602. Alexander married "Barsine" (Stateira), daughter of the dead Darius III; his best friend, Hephaestion, married her sister "Drypetis," whose Persian name recalls Draupadi, the Indian heroine of the Mahabharata.
^ Curtius 3.12.16

Referensi

Sumber kuno

Aelian, Varia Historia
Arrian, The Campaigns of Alexander
Quintus Curtius Rufus, The History of Alexander
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica
Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers: Aristotle
Diogenes dari Sinope, Letters
Homer, Iliad
Horace, Epistles
Lucian, Pro Lapsu
Plutarch, Parallel Lives: Alexander, Eumenes

Sumber modern

Cartledge, Paul (2004) Alexander the Great: The Hunt for a New Past. London: Macmillan. ISBN 1-4050-3292-8
Chugg, Andrew Michael (2006) Alexander's Lovers. Lightning Source UK Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4116-9960-1
Hammond, N. G. L. (1980 2nd edition) Alexander the Great: King, Commander and Statesman. Bristol Press. ISBN 1-85399-068-X
Hammond, N. G. L. (1997) The Genius of Alexander the Great. London: Duckworth. ISBN 0-7156-3341-4
Heckel, Waldemar (2006) Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great. MA, USA: Blackwell. ISBN 1-4051-1210-7
Lane Fox, Robin (1973) Alexander the Great. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 0-14-102076-8
Martin, Thomas R. (2012). Alexander the Great: the story of an ancient life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521767484
Renault, Mary (1975) The Nature of Alexander. London: Allen Lane. ISBN 0-7139-0936-6

Bacaan tambahan

Reames, Jeanne. Hephaistion Amyntoros: Eminence Grise at the Court of Alexander the Great. Diss. The Pennsylvania State University, c1998. (abstract Diarsipkan 2010-06-22 di Wayback Machine.)
Borza, Eugene and Jeanne Reames. Some New Thoughts on the Death of Alexander the Great, The Ancient World 31.1 (2000) 1-9.
Bosworth, Albert Brian. Hephaistion. In: Simon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth (Hrsg.): The Oxford Classical Dictionary. 3. Aufl., Oxford University Press, Oxford 1996, ISBN 0-19-866172-X.
Carney, Elizabeth D. Alexander the Great and the Macedonian Aristocracy. Dissertation, Duke University, 1975.
Heckel, Waldemar. Hephaistion. In: Ders.: The Marshals of Alexander's Empire. Routledge, London 1992, ISBN 0-415-05053-7.
Reames, Jeanne. An Atypical Affair? Alexander the Great, Hephaistion, and the Nature of Their Relationship. In: The Ancient History Bulletin 13.3 (1999), pp. 81–96.
Reames, Jeanne. The Cult of Hephaistion. In: Cartledge, Paul, and Greenland, Fiona Rose (ed.), Responses to Oliver Stone's Alexander. Film, History, and Cultural Studies. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison 2010, ISBN 0-299-23284-0 (accessible online in Scribd.com).
Reames, Jeanne. The Mourning of Alexander the Great, In: Syllecta Classica 12 (2001) 98-145.

Pranala luar

Alexander's Tomb by Andrew M. Chugg
Hephaestion at WCD Diarsipkan 2006-05-11 di Wayback Machine. (Wiki Classical Dictionary)
Hephaistion - Philalexandros by Jeanne Reames
Livius, Hephaestion Diarsipkan 2014-11-25 di Wayback Machine. by Jona Lendering
pothos.org All about Alexander the Great