Atonalitas

Atonalitas dalam pengartian terluasnya adalah musik yang kurang nada utama, atau kunci. Dalam pengartian ini, atonalitas biasanya ditujukan kepada komposisi-komposisi yang dibuat dari sekitar tahun 1908 sampai saat ini, dimana sejumlah karya berfokus pada sebuah irama yang tak memakai nada utama.

Para komponis akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20 seperti Alexander Scriabin, Claude Debussy, Béla Bartók, Paul Hindemith, Sergei Prokofiev, Igor Stravinsky, dan Edgard Varèse menulis musik yang dikatakan bersifat atonal, baik secara keseluruhan atau sebagian (Baker 1980; Baker 1986; Bertram 2000; Griffiths 2001; Kohlhase 1983; Lansky and Perle 2001; Obert 2004; Orvis 1974; Parks 1985; Rülke 2000; Teboul 1995–96; Zimmerman 2002).

Sumber

• Ansermet, Ernest. 1961. Les fondements de la musique dans la conscience humaine. 2 vols. Neuchâtel: La Baconnière.
• Babbitt, Milton. 1991. "A Life of Learning: Charles Homer Haskins Lecture for 1991". ACLS Occasional Paper 17. New York: American Council of Learned Societies.
• Baker, James M. 1980. "Scriabin's Implicit Tonality". "Music Theory Spectrum" 2:1–18.
• Baker, James M. 1986. The Music of Alexander Scriabin. New Haven: Yale University Press.
• Bertram, Daniel Cole. 2000. "Prokofiev as a Modernist, 1907–1915". PhD diss. New Haven: Yale University.
• DeLone, Peter, and Gary Wittlich (eds.). 1975. Aspects of Twentieth-Century Music. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-049346-5.
• Du Noyer, Paul (ed.). 2003. "Contemporary", in The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music: From Rock, Jazz, Blues and Hip Hop to Classical, Folk, World and More, pp. 271–272. London: Flame Tree Publishing. ISBN 1-904041-70-1.
• Forte, Allen. 1977. The Structure of Atonal Music. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-02120-2.
• Griffiths, Paul. 2001. "Varèse, Edgard [Edgar] (Victor Achille Charles)". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
• Grout, Donald Jay. 1960. A History of Western Music. New York: W. W. Norton.
• Haydin, Berkat, and Stefan Esser. 2009 (Joseph Marx Society). Chandos, liner notes to "Joseph Marx: Orchestral Songs and Choral Works (accessed 23 October 2014.
• Katz, Adele T. 1945. Challenge to Musical Traditions: A New Concept of Tonality. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Reprint edition, New York: Da Capo, 1972.
• Kennedy, Michael. 1994. "Atonal." The Oxford Dictionary of Music. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-869162-9.
• Kohlhase, Hans. 1983. "Aussermusikalische Tendenzen im Frühschaffen Paul Hindemiths. Versuch uber die Kammermusik Nr. 1 mit Finale 1921". Hamburger Jahrbuch für Musikwissenschaft 6:183–223.
• Kostka, Stefan and Payne, Dorothy (1995). Tonal Harmony. Third Edition. ISBN 0-07-300056-6.
• Lansky, Paul, and George Perle. 2001. "Atonality §2: Differences between Tonality and Atonality". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
• Lansky, Paul, George Perle, and Dave Headlam. 2001. "Atonality". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.
• Meyer, Leonard B. 1967. Music, the Arts, and Ideas: Patterns and Predictions in Twentieth-Century Culture. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. (Second edition 1994.)
• Mosch, Ulrich. 2004. Musikalisches Hören serieller Musik: Untersuchungen am Beispiel von Pierre Boulez' «Le Marteau sans maître». Saarbrücken: Pfau-Verag.
• Obert, Simon. 2004. "Zum Begriff Atonalität: Ein Vergleich von Anton Weberns 'Sechs Bagatellen für Streichquartett' op. 9 und Igor Stravinskijs 'Trois pièces pour quatuor à cordes'". In Das Streichquartett in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts: Bericht über das Dritte Internationale Symposium Othmar Schoeck in Zürich, 19. und 20. Oktober 2001. Schriftenreihe der Othmar Schoeck-Gesellschaft 4, edited by Beat A. Föllmi and Michael Baumgartner. Tutzing: Schneider.
• Orvis, Joan. 1974. "Technical and stylistic features of the piano etudes of Stravinsky, Bartók, and Prokofiev". DMus Piano pedagogy: Indiana University.
• Oster, Ernst. 1960. "Re: A New Concept of Tonality (?)", Journal of Music Theory 4:96.
• Parks, Richard S. 1985. "Tonal Analogues as Atonal Resources and Their Relation to form in Debussy's Chromatic Etude". Journal of Music Theory 29, no. 1 (Spring): 33–60.
• Perle, George. 1962. Serial Composition and Atonality: An Introduction to the Music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-07430-0.
• Perle, George. 1977. Serial Composition and Atonality: An Introduction to the Music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern. Fourth Edition. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03395-7.
• Rahn, John. 1980. Basic Atonal Theory. New York: Longman, Inc. ISBN 0-582-28117-2.
• Stegemann, Benedikt. 2013. Theory of Tonality. Theoretical Studies. Wilhelmshaven: Noetzel. ISBN 978-3-7959-0963-5.
• Rülke, Volker. 2000. "Bartóks Wende zur Atonalität: Die "Études" op. 18". Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 57, no. 3:240–63.
• Schoenberg, Arnold. 1978. Theory of Harmony, translated by Roy Carter. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.
• Seeger, Charles. 1930. "On Dissonant Counterpoint." Modern Music 7, no. 4:25–31.
• Simms, Bryan R. 1986. Music of the Twentieth Century: Style and Structure. New York: Schirmer Books. ISBN 0-02-872580-8.
• Swift, Richard. 1982–83. "A Tonal Analog: The Tone-Centered Music of George Perle". Perspectives of New Music 21, nos. 1/2 (Fall-Winter/Spring-Summer): 257–84. (Subscription Access.)
• Teboul, Jean-Claude. 1995–96. "Comment analyser le neuvième interlude en si♭ du "Ludus tonalis" de Paul Hindemith? (Hindemith ou Schenker?) ". Ostinato Rigore: Revue Internationale d'Études Musicales, nos. 6–7:215–32.
• Webern, Anton. 1963. The Path to the New Music, translated by Leo Black. Bryn Mawr. Pennsylvania: Theodore Presser; London: Universal Edition.
• Westergaard, Peter. 1963. "Webern and 'Total Organization': An Analysis of the Second Movement of Piano Variations, Op. 27." Perspectives of New Music 1, no. 2 (Spring): 107–20.
• Westergaard, Peter. 1968. "Conversation with Walter Piston". Perspectives of New Music 7, no.1 (Fall-Winter) 3–17.
• Xenakis, Iannis. 1971. Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition. Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press. Revised edition, 1992. Harmonologia Series No. 6. Stuyvesant, NY: Pendragon Press. ISBN 0-945193-24-6.
• Zimmerman, Daniel J. 2002. "Families without Clusters in the Early Works of Sergei Prokofiev". PhD diss. Chicago: University of Chicago.

Bacaan tambahan

• Beach, David (ed.). 1983. "Schenkerian Analysis and Post-Tonal Music", Aspects of Schenkerian Theory. New Haven: Yale University Press.
• Dahlhaus, Carl. 1966. "Ansermets Polemik gegen Schönberg." Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 127, no. 5:179–83.
• Forte, Allen. 1963. "Context and Continuity in an Atonal Work: A Set-Theoretic Approach". Perspectives of New Music 1, no. 2 (Spring): 72–82.
• Forte, Allen. 1964. "A Theory of Set-Complexes for Music". Journal of Music Theory 8, no. 2 (Winter): 136–83.
• Forte, Allen. 1965. "The Domain and Relations of Set-Complex Theory". Journal of Music Theory 9, no. 1 (Spring): 173–80.
• Forte, Allen. 1972. Sets and Nonsets in Schoenberg's Atonal Music. Perspectives of New Music 11, no. 1 (Fall–Winter): 43–64.
• Forte, Allen. 1978a. The Harmonic Organization of The Rite of Spring. New Haven : Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-02201-8.
• Forte, Allen. 1978b. "Schoenberg's Creative Evolution: The Path to Atonality". The Musical Quarterly 64, no. 2 (April): 133–76.
• Forte, Allen. 1980. "Aspects of Rhythm in Webern's Atonal Music". Music Theory Spectrum 2:90–109.
• Forte, Allen. 1998. The Atonal Music of Anton Webern. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07352-2.
• Forte, Allen, and Roy Travis. 1974. "Analysis Symposium: Webern, Orchestral Pieces (1913): Movement I ('Bewegt')". Journal of Music Theory 18, no. 1 (Spring, pp. 2–43.
• Krausz, Michael. 1984. "The Tonal and the Foundational: Ansermet on Stravinsky". The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 42:383–86.
• Krenek, Ernst. 1953. "Is the Twelve-Tone Technique on the Decline?" The Musical Quarterly 39, no 4 (October): 513–27.
• Philippot, Michel. 1964. "Ansermet’s Phenomenological Metamorphoses." Translated by Edward Messinger. Perspectives of New Music 2, no. 2 (Spring-Summer): 129–40. Originally published as "Métamorphoses Phénoménologiques." Critique. Revue Générale des Publications Françaises et Etrangères, no. 186 (November 1962).
• Radano, Ronald M. 1993. New Musical Figurations: Anthony Braxton's Cultural Critique Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Pranala luar

Lihat entri atonalitas di kamus bebas Wiktionary.