Senpukuji Cave

Cave in south-western Japan, paleolithic site

33°12′16.5″N 129°43′48.9″E / 33.204583°N 129.730250°E / 33.204583; 129.730250TypesettlementHistoryPeriodsJapanese Paleolithic to YayoiSite notesPublic accessYes

National Historic Site of Japan

The Senpukuji Cave (泉福寺洞窟, Senpukuji dōkutsu) is an archaeological site consisting of a Japanese Paleolithic period to the Yayoi period rock shelter dwelling in the Setogoshi neighborhood of the city of Sasebo, Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan..^[1] The site was designated a National Historic Site of Japan in 1986.^[2]The world's oldest bean-patterned pottery was excavated here.

Overview

Four small caves open to the south on the slope of a hill about 89 meters above sea level on the left bank of the Ainoura River, and there is a spring in the valley below the slope, so it is believed they were used as dwellings. They were discovered by a junior high school student in 1969, and archaeological excavations began the following year and continued for 10 years by Chiba University. stratigraphic examination indicates that there are 12 layers of soil deposited in the cave. No pottery was unearthed from the deepest layers 12 and 11, just above the cave base, but a knife-shaped stone tool was unearthed. This stone knife, with a sharp side edge made into a single blade, is a characteristic relic of the Late Paleolithic period. microblades, toryumon pottery, and ridge-pattern pottery were found in the 10th layer, and claw-shaped and push-pull pattern pottery were identified in the upper layers. T

The toryumon (bean-pattern) pottery is thought to be one of the oldest stages of pottery in Japan, and is a thin, deep bowl-shaped vessel with a slightly inward-curving rim, with small bean-sized pieces of clay regularly affixed using a linear applique technique to the outside, which is where its name comes from. ^[3]The antiquity of these ceramics dates to the final pleistocene.^[4] It has been dated by Carbon-14 to be about 12000 years old.^[1]

Pottery found from Senpukuji cave dating about 12000 years ago
Senpukuji Cave

The site was anciently used seasonally to make microlithic tools. 2,153 tools have been found in one layer.^[5] The types of stone tools excavated in large quantities were diverse, consisting mainly of microblades and microblade lithic cores, as well as scrapers, carvers, scrapers, points, stone blades, pebble tools, hammers, and grooved whetstones.

All excavated items from the cave were collectively designated National Important Cultural Properties in 1996.^[6] They are currently stored at the Shimase Art Center of the Sasebo City Museum; however, the exhibits at the museum are all restorations.

The site is about a 10-minute walk from Senpukuji Station on the Matsuura Railway Nishi-Kyushu Line.

References

^ ^a ^b Ryuzaburo TAKAHASHI, Takeji TOIZUMI and Yasushi KOJO "Archaeological Studies of Japan: Current Studies of the Jomon Archaeology", page 51, 62
^ "泉福寺洞窟" (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
^ Imamura, K. (2016). Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives On Insular East Asia. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. Page 51
^ Hiroshi Kajiwara and Aleksei V. Kononenko, "THE ORIGIN OF EARLY POTTERY IN NORTHEAST ASIA IN THE CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE" page 64
^ E.A. Solovyeva and Y. Murakami, "Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia" 48/3 (2020) 43–49
^ "長崎県泉福寺洞窟出土品" (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved August 20, 2020.