Operation Display Deterrence

NATO operation in Turkey (2003)

Part of Iraq War

NATO Operation Display Deterrence:
Turkish soldier guarding Dutch AWAC

Date

26 February - 3 May 2003

Location

Turkish border with Iraq

Result

NATO operation;

To protect Turkish-Iraq border

Belligerents

NATO-led coalition^[1]

Iraq

Commanders and leaders

General James L. Jones

General Oktar Ataman
^[2]

Unknown

Strength

2 Patriot missile batteries
371 personnel, 3 Patriot missile batteries, 4 AWACSs (Airborne Warning And Control Systems)^[3]^[4]
4 officers^[5]
50 chemical/biological specialists^[2]

40 fighter aircraft, 2 tankers^[6]

Iraq Unknown

Casualties and losses

None

Operation Display Deterrence was a 65-day NATO operation to protect the Turkish border region with Iraq, made in response to an Article 4 declaration by the Turkish government in response to the Iraq War.^[7]

Objectives and operational activity

It was aimed at defending Turkey from a threat from Iraq and deterring aggression. NATO's military deployment consisted of AWACS surveillance aircraft and crews, TMD units, and biological and chemical defence equipment. Command was set up in Eskişehir.^[2] NATO assets were sent to the Konya air base in Turkey,^[8] along with Patriot missile systems installed in Diyarbakir and Batman^[9] to help guard their airspace during military operations of the Iraq War.^[10]^[11]

Operation Active Fence

Similar assets, deployment, and lessons from this operation were carried forward to Operation Active Fence in 2012.^[12]

References

^ "Display Deterrence". Archived from the original on 28 October 2004. Retrieved 27 February 2022. NATO fact sheet on contributing nations as of 28 October 2004
^ ^a ^b ^c "NATO Defensive Support to Turkey". 3 September 2003. Archived from the original on 7 August 2007. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
^ "Operation Display Deterrence, Turkey". 8 September 2017. Retrieved 7 February 2022.
^ "Ministry of Defense - Netherlands". 3 September 2003. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
^ "Fra vernepliktig til veteran: Om ivaretakelse av personell før, under og etter deltakelse i utenlandsoperasjoner" (PDF). 8 May 2009. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 28 February 2022. Display Deterrence Tyrkia 2003 4 NATO
^ "COMBINED AIR OPERATIONS CENTER 6". Archived from the original on 27 June 2004. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
^ "Conclusion of Operation Display Deterrence and Article 4 security consultations".
^ "TWO NATO E3A AWACS SET TO ARRIVE IN TURKEY FEBRUARY 26". Archived from the original on 30 October 2004.
^ "PATRIOT". Archived from the original on 27 June 2004.
^ "Comments by NATO Secretary General, Lord Robertson on the Policy Recommendations adopted by the NATO Parliamentary Assembly at its Spring 2002 Session in Sofia and Forty Eighth Annual Session in Istanbul 2002". NATO's military deployment consisted of AWACS surveillance aircraft and crews, TMD units and biological and chemical defence equipment. Operation Display Deterrence played an important part in maintaining stability and demonstrating solidarity at a volatile time.
^ "Conclusion of Operation Display Deterrence".
^ Lieutenant Colonel Thorsten Tanski, Dipl.-Ing., DEU AF, CC SBAMD. "The Competence Centre for Surface Based Air and Missile Defence: Preserving the EADTF Legacy and Furthering the IAMD Mission". Retrieved 27 February 2022. During Operation DISPLAY DETERRENCE in 2003, US and Dutch EADTF personnel accomplished the first operational assignment by providing guidance and support to enhance NATINADS in the defence of Turkish territory....When NATO enhanced its defensive posture for ACTIVE FENCE TURKEY (AF TUR) in 2013, the EADTF not only provided planning expertise for developing the initial defence design and dedicated training for deploying troops, but also provided significant personnel support to sustain HQ AIRCOM's BMD mission.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Symbols

Animus in consulendo liber
Flag of NATO
"The NATO Hymn"
NATO Day
NATO Medal
NATO Star

History

Structure

People

Members

Multilateral relations

See also

Baghdad Pact (METO/CENTO)
Balkan Pact
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
Suwałki Gap

Iraq War (2003–2011)

Beginning of the Iraqi conflict

Prelude

Background

Pre-1990	17 July Revolution Iranian Revolution 1979 Ba'ath Party Purge Iran–Iraq War British / U.S. support for Iraq Chemical attacks against Iran Anfal campaign Iran–Contra affair
1990–2003	Gulf War Invasion of Kuwait Nayirah testimony Sanctions against Iraq No-fly zones 1991 uprisings UNSCOM Arms-to-Iraq affair Oil-for-Food Programme Investigations September 11 attacks Aftermath War on terror 2001 anthrax attacks U.S. War in Afghanistan Invasion

Rationale

Issues

Dossiers
and memos

Overview

Key events

Invasion (2003)
Occupation (2003–2011)
Insurgency
- 2003–06 period
Anbar campaign
Fallujah
Capture of Saddam Hussein
- Interrogation
- Trial
- Execution / Reactions
2006 al-Askari mosque bombing
Civil war (2006–08)
2007 U.S. troop surge
- timeline
U.S. withdrawal
- Status of forces agreement

Invasion
(2003)

Occupation
(2003–2011)

Replacement governments	Coalition Provisional Authority Iraqi Governing Council Interim Government 2005 parliamentary elections Transitional Government Constitution Ratification

Participants

Countries

Insurgent
groups

Sunni groups	Islamic Army in Iraq 1920 Revolution Brigades Jaish al-Rashideen Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance Hamas of Iraq Jeish Muhammad Mujahideen Shura Council Islamic State of Iraq Al-Qaeda in Iraq Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan Black Banner Organization Wakefulness and Holy War Abu Theeb's group Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army Mujahideen Army
Shia groups	Mahdi Army Abu Deraa's militia Badr Organization Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq Sheibani Network Soldiers of Heaven Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq Promised Day Brigade Kata'ib Hezbollah
Ba'ath loyalists	Fedayeen Saddam Al-Awda Popular Army Al-Abud Network Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation

Battles and operations

Operations

2003	Ancient Babylon Bayonet Lightning Bulldog Mammoth Catalyst Desert Scorpion Desert Thrust Falconer Iron Hammer Iron Justice Ivy Blizzard Northern Delay Airborne Dragon Panther Squeeze Peninsula Strike Planet X Capture of Saddam Hussein (Red Dawn) Telic
2004	Baton Rouge Bulldog Mammoth Iron Saber New Dawn (Al Fajr) Phantom Fury Phantom Linebacker Plymouth Rock Vigilant Resolve Warrior's Rage
2005	Able Rising Force Able Warrior Badlands Cyclone Dagger Iron Hammer Matador New Market Spear (Romhe) Squeeze Play Steel Curtain
2006	Al Majid Gaugamela Guardian Tiger Iron Triangle River Falcon Scorpion Sinbad Swarmer Together Forward
2007	Alljah Arbead II Ardennes Black Eagle Commando Eagle Forsythe Park Imposing Law Leyte Gulf Marne Avalanche Marne Torch Mawtini Phantom Strike Phantom Thunder Polar Tempest Purple Haze Saber Guardian Sledgehammer Stampede 3 Tiger Hammer Valiant Guardian (Harris Ba'sil)
2008	Defeat Al Qaeda in the North Augurs of Prosperity Phantom Phoenix
2009–2011	New Dawn

Battles

2003

Invasion	Umm Qasr Al Faw Basra I Nasiriyah Karbala I Haditha Dam Najaf I Samawah I Karbala II Al Kut Hillah Karbala Gap Debecka Pass Baghdad I

Majar al-Kabir
Ramadan Offensive

2004

Spring fighting

Ramadi I

Baghdad International Airport

Husaybah

Danny Boy

Najaf II

CIMIC House

Samarra

Fallujah II

Mosul

2005

2006

Baghdad II
Ramadi II
Diwaniya
Al Rumaythah
Amarah
Turki

2007

2008

2009–2011

Palm Grove (2010)

Related events

War crimes

Occupation forces

Killings and massacres	During the 2003 invasion U.S. killings of journalists Fallujah killings Killing of Nadhem Abdullah (2003) Murder of Muhamad Husain Kadir Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre (2004) Haifa Street helicopter incident (2005) Tal Afar shootings (2005) Basra prison incident (2005) Haditha massacre (2005) Mahmudiyah rape and killings (2006) Ishaqi massacre (2006) Baghdad detainee killings (2006) Hamdania incident (2006) Iraqi bodyguard killing (2006) Iron Triangle Murders (2006) Baghdad airstrike (2007) Nisour Square massacre (2007) Iraq War Logs (2010)
Chemical weapons	Use of white phosphorus by the United States (2004–05)
Torture and abuse	Abu Ghraib prison (2003–06) Camp Bucca (2003–09) Camp Nama (2003–04) Balad Air Base (2003–2011) Death of Nagem Hatab (2003) Killing of Baha Mousa (2003) Death of Abed Hamed Mowhoush (2003) Killing of Manadel al-Jamadi (2003) Death of Fashad Mohamed (2004)

§ Other killings
and bombings

2003	Jordanian embassy Canal Hotel Imam Ali mosque bombing Baghdad October 2003
2004	Erbil 2004 Ashura massacre Basra 2004 Mosul 2004 2004 church bombings Baghdad bombings 14 September 30 September Karbala and Najaf bombings Baqubah 2004 Kufa mosque bombing
2005	Al Hillah 2005 Erbil 2005 Musayyib bombing Baghdad bombings August September Balad 2005 Khanaqin bombings
2006	Karbala and Ramadi Al-Askari mosque 2006 Buratha mosque bombing Sadr City bombings July November Hayy Al-Jihad massacre
2007	Mustansiriya University Baghdad bombings 22 January 3 February 12 February 18 February 29 March 18 April 26 July 1 August Al Hillah 2007 Tal Afar 2007 Iraqi Parliament 2007 Karbala mosque bombings Massacres of Yazidis April massacre Qahtaniyah bombings Makhmour Abu Sayda Al-Askari mosque 2007 Al-Khilani mosque bombing Amirli bombing Kirkuk 2007 Al Amarah bombings
2008	Bagdad bombings February March June Balad 2008 Karbala 2008 Al-Karmah Dujail bombing Balad Ruz bombing Attacks on Christians in Mosul
2009	Bagdad bombings March 6 April June August October December Baghdad–Miqdadiyah Taza bombing Kirkuk 2009 Tal Afar 2009
2010	Nationwide attacks 10 May 25 August Bagdad bombings January February April August September November Baqubah 2010 Baghdad church massacre
2011	Nationwide attacks January August Bagdad bombings January August October Arba'een bombings Tikrit assault Al Hillah 2011 Samarra bombing Al Diwaniyah bombing Taji bombings Karbala 2011 Basra 2011

Other war crimes

Raid on Camp Ashraf (2011)
Archaeological looting
Chlorine bombings
Torture by the Wolf Brigade (2004–2011)

Prosecution

§ All attacks listed in this group were either committed by insurgents, or have unknown perpetrators

Impact

General

Political
controversies

Investigations	Senate Report on WMD Intelligence Duelfer Report Chilcot Inquiry

Reactions

Pre-war	Pre-war international reactions Khuy Voyne! Saddam Hussein interview

Views on the invasion
- U.S. public opinion
Opposition
Criticism
United Nations
Oprah's Anti-war series
Iraqi map pendant
Winter Soldier: Iraq & Afghanistan
Photo Op
A Responsible Plan to End the War in Iraq
Bush shoeing incident

Bring Them Home Now Tour

Aftermath in Iraq

The rise of ISIL
Insurgency (2011–13)
War in Iraq (2013–17)
War against ISIL (2014–present)
U.S.-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)
Insurgency (2017–present)

Miscellaneous

Terminology

Critical	Global arrogance Inverted totalitarianism "The wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time"

Memorials

Lists

Timeline

Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty
Chelsea Manning
CIA black sites
Efforts to impeach George W. Bush
"Enhanced interrogation techniques"
- Torture in the United States
Extraordinary rendition
Green Zone
Guantanamo Bay detention camp
Gulf of Tonkin incident
- Resolution
Military–industrial complex
Neoconservatism
Patriot Act
Petrodollar warfare theory
Post-9/11
Special Relationship
The Iraq War: A Historiography of Wikipedia Changelogs
Unilateralism
Unitary executive theory
U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East
WikiLeaks
Ba'ath Party archives

Outline /

Category /

Wikinews /

Multimedia

v t e List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
1910s	Italo-Turkish War World War I Middle Eastern theatre Battle of Robat Karim Arab Revolt Armenian genocide Assyrian genocide Mount Lebanon starvation Unification of Saudi Arabia Simko Shikak revolt 1919 Egyptian revolution Turkish War of Independence Greco-Turkish War Turkish–Armenian War Franco-Turkish War Revolts Mahmud Barzanji revolts
1920s	Franco-Syrian War Iraqi Revolt (1920) Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine Adwan Rebellion Arab separatism in Khuzestan Great Syrian Revolt Sheikh Said rebellion
1930s	Ararat rebellion Ahmed Barzani revolt Simele massacre Saudi–Yemeni War (1934) Goharshad Mosque rebellion 1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts 1935 Yazidi revolt 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine Dersim rebellion
1940s	World War II Italian bombing of Palestine Allied invasion of Iraq Syria–Lebanon campaign Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 1943 Barzani revolt Alwaziri coup Al-Wathbah uprising Kurdish separatism in Iran Iran crisis of 1946 Arab–Israeli conflict 1948 Arab–Israeli War Suez Crisis 1967 Six-Day War 1973 Yom Kippur War 1982 Lebanon War
1950s	1952 Egyptian revolution 1953 Iranian coup d'état Jebel Akhdar War Cyprus Emergency Suez Crisis Yemeni–Adenese clan violence 1958 Lebanon crisis 1958 Iraqi revolution 1959 Mosul uprising
1960s	Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict First Iraqi–Kurdish War Second Iraqi–Kurdish War Dhofar Rebellion North Yemen Civil War Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup Mar. 1963 Syrian coup Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup Aden Emergency 1964 Hama riot Israeli–Palestinian conflict 1948 Palestine war First Intifada Second Intifada 1966 Syrian coup d'état
1970s	Black September in Jordan Yemenite War of 1972 Turkish invasion of Cyprus Shatt al-Arab clashes Lebanese Civil War Political violence in Turkey Islamist uprising in Syria 1977 Shia uprising in Iraq NDF Rebellion Yemenite War of 1979 Iranian Revolution Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution 1979 Qatif Uprising Grand Mosque seizure 1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
1980s	Iran–Iraq War 1980 Turkish coup d'état Kurdish–Turkish conflict Turkey–PKK conflict South Yemen Civil War 1986 Egyptian conscripts riot 1986 Damascus bombings 1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt Mecca massacre Abu Nidal's executions
1990s	Gulf War (1990–1991) 1991 Iraqi uprisings Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s) Yemeni Civil War (1994) Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present) Operation Desert Fox al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
2000s	Iraq War Balochi insurgency in Iran 2004 Qamishli riots Houthi insurgency in Yemen Iran–Israel proxy conflict 2006 Lebanon War Fatah–Hamas conflict South Yemen insurgency
2010s	2011 Bahraini uprising Egyptian Crisis Sinai insurgency Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present) Syrian civil war Turkish involvement in Syria Syrian War spillover in Lebanon Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) War in Iraq (2013–2017) Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) Yemeni crisis Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
2020s	2021 Beirut clashes Israel–Hamas war Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present) Red Sea crisis
This list includes World War I and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.