Myanmar (Unicode block)
Unicode character block
(1999)Range used for Tibetan script prior to Unicode 1.0.1 (see Tibetan (obsolete Unicode block)).
Myanmar is a Unicode block containing characters for the Burmese, Mon, Shan, Palaung, and the Karen languages of Myanmar, as well as the Aiton and Phake languages of Northeast India. It is also used to write Pali and Sanskrit in Myanmar.
Block
| Myanmar[1] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+100x | က | ခ | ဂ | ဃ | င | စ | ဆ | ဇ | ဈ | ဉ | ည | ဋ | ဌ | ဍ | ဎ | ဏ |
| U+101x | တ | ထ | ဒ | ဓ | န | ပ | ဖ | ဗ | ဘ | မ | ယ | ရ | လ | ဝ | သ | ဟ |
| U+102x | ဠ | အ | ဢ | ဣ | ဤ | ဥ | ဦ | ဧ | ဨ | ဩ | ဪ | ါ | ာ | ိ | ီ | ု |
| U+103x | ူ | ေ | ဲ | ဳ | ဴ | ဵ | ံ | ့ | း | ္ | ် | ျ | ြ | ွ | ှ | ဿ |
| U+104x | ၀ | ၁ | ၂ | ၃ | ၄ | ၅ | ၆ | ၇ | ၈ | ၉ | ၊ | ။ | ၌ | ၍ | ၎ | ၏ |
| U+105x | ၐ | ၑ | ၒ | ၓ | ၔ | ၕ | ၖ | ၗ | ၘ | ၙ | ၚ | ၛ | ၜ | ၝ | ၞ | ၟ |
| U+106x | ၠ | ၡ | ၢ | ၣ | ၤ | ၥ | ၦ | ၧ | ၨ | ၩ | ၪ | ၫ | ၬ | ၭ | ၮ | ၯ |
| U+107x | ၰ | ၱ | ၲ | ၳ | ၴ | ၵ | ၶ | ၷ | ၸ | ၹ | ၺ | ၻ | ၼ | ၽ | ၾ | ၿ |
| U+108x | ႀ | ႁ | ႂ | ႃ | ႄ | ႅ | ႆ | ႇ | ႈ | ႉ | ႊ | ႋ | ႌ | ႍ | ႎ | ႏ |
| U+109x | ႐ | ႑ | ႒ | ႓ | ႔ | ႕ | ႖ | ႗ | ႘ | ႙ | ႚ | ႛ | ႜ | ႝ | ႞ | ႟ |
Notes
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The block has sixteen variation sequences defined for standardized variants.[3] They use U+FE00 VARIATION SELECTOR-1 (VS01) to denote the dotted letters used for the Khamti, Aiton, and Phake languages.[4] (Note that this is font dependent. For example, the Padauk font supports some of the dotted forms.)
| U+ | 1000 | 1002 | 1004 | 1010 | 1011 | 1015 | 1019 | 101A | 101C | 101D | 1022 | 1031 | 1075 | 1078 | 107A | 1080 |
| base code point | က | ဂ | င | တ | ထ | ပ | မ | ယ | လ | ဝ | ဢ | ေ | ၵ | ၸ | ၺ | ႀ |
| base + VS01 | က︀ | ဂ︀ | င︀ | တ︀ | ထ︀ | ပ︀ | မ︀ | ယ︀ | လ︀ | ဝ︀ | ဢ︀ | ေ︀ | ၵ︀ | ၸ︀ | ၺ︀ | ႀ︀ |
History
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Myanmar block:
| Version | Final code points[a] | Count | UTC ID | L2 ID | WG2 ID | Document |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.0 | U+1000..1021, 1023..1027, 1029..102A, 102C..1032, 1036..1039, 1040..1059 | 78 | N881 | Ross, Hugh McGregor (1993-04-02), Comment on Burmese Script | ||
| N1167 | Everson, Michael (1995-03-12), Names of Burmese characters: comment on Unicode Technical Report #1 | |||||
| X3L2/96-061 | Everson, Michael (1996-05-28), Proposal for encoding the Burmese script in ISO 10646 | |||||
| UTC/1996-027.2 | Greenfield, Steve (1996-07-01), "F. Burmese", UTC #69 Minutes (PART 2) | |||||
| L2/97-039 | N1523 | Ross, Hugh McGregor; Everson, Michael (1997-01-22), Proposal for encoding the Burmese script in ISO 10646 | ||||
| L2/97-288 | N1603 | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1997-10-24), "8.13", Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting # 33, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 20 June – 4 July 1997 | ||||
| L2/98-044 | Collins, Lee (1998-02-23), Revised Proposal for Encoding Burmese in Unicode | |||||
| L2/98-101 | N1729 | Ad-hoc report on Burmese and Khmer, 1998-03-18 | ||||
| L2/98-177 | Text for PDAM registration and consideration ballot for ISO 10646-1 Amendment 26 - Burmese, 1998-05-11 | |||||
| N1780 | PDAM 26 - Burmese, 1998-05-11 | |||||
| N1826 | Paterson, Bruce (1998-05-11), PDAM26 - Burmese cover sheet | |||||
| N1826.1 | Paterson, Bruce (1998-05-11), PDAM26 - Burmese full text | |||||
| L2/98-158 | Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold (1998-05-26), "Burmese", Draft Minutes – UTC #76 & NCITS Subgroup L2 #173 joint meeting, Tredyffrin, Pennsylvania, April 20-22, 1998 | |||||
| L2/98-286 | N1703 | Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1998-07-02), "8.18", Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting #34, Redmond, WA, USA; 1998-03-16--20 | ||||
| L2/98-265 | Htut, Zaw (1998-07-24), Response to Burmese Proposal N1729 (Expert Contribution) | |||||
| L2/98-281R (pdf, html) | Aliprand, Joan (1998-07-31), "Burmese (IV.E.1)", Unconfirmed Minutes – UTC #77 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 174 JOINT MEETING, Redmond, WA -- July 29-31, 1998 | |||||
| N1836 (html, doc, Ireland, Japan) | Summary of Voting/Table of Replies - Amendment 26 - Burmese, 1998-08-27 | |||||
| L2/98-371 | N1883R2 | Whistler, Ken (1998-09-24), Myanmar (Burmese) Ad-Hoc Meeting Report | ||||
| L2/98-325 | ISO/IEC 10646-1/FPDAM 26, AMENDMENT 26: Myanmar, 1998-10-23 | |||||
| L2/98-342 | Disposition of comments report on SC2 N3106, ISO 10646 Amd. 26: Burmese, 1998-10-23 | |||||
| N1912 | Paterson, Bruce; Everson, Michael (1998-10-23), Disposition of Comments - FPDAM26 - Burmese | |||||
| N1913 | Paterson, Bruce; Everson, Michael (1998-10-23), Text of FPDAM 26 - Myanmar/Burmese | |||||
| L2/99-010 | N1903 (pdf, html, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1998-12-30), "8.1.7", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25 | ||||
| L2/99-036 | Becker, Joe (1999-02-02), Proposal that Myanmar VOWEL SIGN E be Stored in Phonetic Order (i.e. After its Consonant) | |||||
| L2/99-129 | Paterson, Bruce (1999-04-14), Text for FDAM ballot ISO/IEC 10646 FDAM #26 - Myanmar | |||||
| L2/99-054R | Aliprand, Joan (1999-06-21), "Myanmar Vowel Sign E", Approved Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting in Palo Alto, February 3-5, 1999 | |||||
| L2/99-232 | N2003 | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1999-08-03), "6.2.9 FPDAM26 - Myanmar (Burmese) script", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 36, Fukuoka, Japan, 1999-03-09--15 | ||||
| L2/01-307 | Whistler, Ken (2001-08-06), Serious bug in Khmer, Myanmar combining classes | |||||
| L2/01-308 | Hosken, Martin; Whistler, Ken (2001-08-08), Serious bug in Khmer, Myanmar combining classes | |||||
| L2/02-283 | Hosken, Martin (2002-07-05), Myanmar Script Canonical Ordering | |||||
| L2/06-108 | Moore, Lisa (2006-05-25), "Motion 107-M5", UTC #107 Minutes, Approve glyph changes for U+1039 MYANMAR SIGN VIRAMA and U+104E MYANMAR SYMBOL AFOREMENTIONED. | |||||
| N3353 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-10-10), "M51.24", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 51 Hanzhou, China; 2007-04-24/27 | |||||
| L2/08-192 | Stribley, Keith (2008-05-02), Comments on Myanmar Unicode introduction text | |||||
| L2/10-360 | Myint, Tun (2010-09-27), Excerpts from Myanmar Spelling Dictionary | |||||
| L2/14-141 | Unicode Standard Announcement Letter, 2014-05-23 | |||||
| L2/14-170 | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; McGowan, Rick; Pournader, Roozbeh; Iancu, Laurențiu (2014-07-28), "16", Recommendations to UTC #140 August 2014 on Script Proposals | |||||
| L2/14-108 | Hosken, Martin; Morey, Stephen (2014-08-05), Proposal to Disunify Khamti Style Letters from Myanmar | |||||
| L2/15-257 | Hosken, Martin (2015-11-02), Proposal to Disunify Khamti Letters from Myanmar | |||||
| L2/15-320 | Hosken, Martin (2015-11-03), Proposal to Create Variation Sequences for Khamti Characters | |||||
| L2/15-254 | Moore, Lisa (2015-11-16), "Consensus 145-C23", UTC #145 Minutes, Accept the 27 variation sequences in document L2/15-320 for Unicode version 9.0. | |||||
| 5.1 | U+1022, 1075..1099, 109E..109F | 40 | L2/04-198 | N2768R | Oo, Thein; Htut, Thein; Tint, Tun; Htut, Zaw; Tun, Ngwe (2004-05-19), Proposal of Myanmar Script Extensions: Mon, Shan, and Karen (Kayin) | |
| N2953 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-02-16), "7.4.9", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15 | |||||
| L2/06-119 | N3080 | Everson, Michael; Hosken, Martin (2006-04-09), Preliminary proposal for encoding Karen, Shan, and Kayah characters | ||||
| L2/06-304 | N3143 | Everson, Michael; Hosken, Martin (2006-09-08), Proposal for encoding Myanmar characters for Shan and Palaung in the UCS | ||||
| N3153 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-02-16), "M49.15", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29 | |||||
| L2/06-324R2 | Moore, Lisa (2006-11-29), "Consensus 109-C7", UTC #109 Minutes | |||||
| N3353 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-10-10), "M51.1", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 51 Hanzhou, China; 2007-04-24/27 | |||||
| L2/07-225 | Moore, Lisa (2007-08-21), "Myanmar for Shan", UTC #112 Minutes | |||||
| L2/07-205R2 | N3277R2 | Everson, Michael (2007-08-28), Proposal for encoding additional Myanmar characters for Shan in the UCS | ||||
| L2/07-345 | Moore, Lisa (2007-10-25), "Consensus 113-C11", UTC #113 Minutes | |||||
| L2/06-170 | Wordingham, Richard (2009-05-07), Shan-Related Issues with N3080: Preliminary proposal for encoding Karen, Shan, and Kayah Characters | |||||
| L2/14-170 | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; McGowan, Rick; Pournader, Roozbeh; Iancu, Laurențiu (2014-07-28), "16", Recommendations to UTC #140 August 2014 on Script Proposals | |||||
| L2/14-108 | Hosken, Martin; Morey, Stephen (2014-08-05), Proposal to Disunify Khamti Style Letters from Myanmar | |||||
| L2/15-257 | Hosken, Martin (2015-11-02), Proposal to Disunify Khamti Letters from Myanmar | |||||
| L2/15-320 | Hosken, Martin (2015-11-03), Proposal to Create Variation Sequences for Khamti Characters | |||||
| L2/15-254 | Moore, Lisa (2015-11-16), "Consensus 145-C23", UTC #145 Minutes, Accept the 27 variation sequences in document L2/15-320 for Unicode version 9.0. | |||||
| U+1028, 1033..1034, 105A..1064 | 14 | L2/04-273 | N2827 | Proposal of 4 Myanmar Semivowels, 2004-06-21 | ||
| L2/04-328 | Leca, Antoine (2004-08-04), Response to Public Review Issue #37 | |||||
| L2/05-216 | N2966 | Letter of Recommendation re Encoding of Myanmar Alphabets in Unicode, 2005-07-28 | ||||
| L2/05-178 | Hosken, Martin (2005-07-29), A Sgaw Karen Unicode Proposal; Extending Myanmar to Incorporate Sgaw Karen | |||||
| L2/05-184 | Hosken, Martin (2005-08-01), Dissociating Myanmar Medials: A Proposal to Encode Separate Myanmar Medials | |||||
| L2/06-029 | Everson, Michael (2006-03-20), Further discussion of Myanmar medials | |||||
| L2/06-085 | Kai, Ka'ōnohi (2006-03-20), Myanmar issues re WG2 N3043 (L2/06-077) | |||||
| L2/06-092 | Whistler, Ken (2006-03-24), Discussion of AA and TALL AA Disunification for Myanmar | |||||
| L2/06-093 | N3061 | Hosken, Martin (2006-03-27), Supporting Discussion for the Encoding of seven additional Myanmar Characters | ||||
| L2/06-094 | Tun, Ngwe (2006-03-27), Support for Transcoding to our Myazedi Unicode Clients | |||||
| L2/06-130 | Concerns Regarding WG2 N3043R, Myanmar Additions to 10646, 2006-04-06 | |||||
| L2/06-078 | N3044 | Everson, Michael; Hosken, Martin (2006-04-08), Proposal for encoding Mon and S'gaw Karen characters in the UCS | ||||
| L2/06-118 | N3079 | Response to UTC contribution N3069, "Concerns Regarding WG2 N3043R, Myanmar Additions to 10646", 2006-04-08 | ||||
| L2/06-140 | N3099 | Kolehmainen, Erkki I.; Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael; Freytag, Asmus; Moore, Lisa; Oo, Thein; Shih-Shyeng, Tseng; Wei, Lin-Mei; Whistler, Ken; Htut, Zaw (2006-04-26), Myanmar Ad Hoc Report | ||||
| L2/06-161 | Wordingham, Richard (2006-05-05), Two Issues Relating to N3044: Proposal to encode Mon and S'gaw Karen characters | |||||
| L2/06-108 | Moore, Lisa (2006-05-25), "Motion 107-M6", UTC #107 Minutes | |||||
| N3103 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-08-25), "M48.16", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 48, Mountain View, CA, USA; 2006-04-24/27 | |||||
| U+102B, 103A..103F | 7 | L2/02-284 | Hosken, Martin (2002-07-05), Implementing Kinzi | |||
| L2/03-109 | Nelson, Paul (2003-03-05), Examples of Burmese | |||||
| L2/06-077R | N3043R | Everson, Michael; et al. (2006-03-01), Proposal to encode seven additional Myanmar characters in the UCS | ||||
| N3069 | Concerns Regarding WG2 N3043R, Myanmar Additions, 2006-04-06 | |||||
| L2/06-117R | N3078R | Proposed additions to ISO/IEC 10646:2003 Amendment 3, 2006-04-12 | ||||
| L2/06-213 | Everson, Michael (2006-05-17), Requirements leading to the characters added to the Myanmar script | |||||
| L2/06-108 | Moore, Lisa (2006-05-25), "C.13", UTC #107 Minutes | |||||
| N3103 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-08-25), "M48.15", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 48, Mountain View, CA, USA; 2006-04-24/27 | |||||
| L2/08-126 | Muller, Eric (2008-03-18), UTC Letter Ballot: Myanmar in Unicode 5.1 | |||||
| L2/08-127 | Muller, Eric (2008-03-18), Results: UTC Letter Ballot: Myanmar in Unicode 5.1 | |||||
| U+1035 | 1 | L2/06-249 | N3115 | Everson, Michael; Hosken, Martin (2006-07-24), One additional Myanmar character for Mon for PDAM 3.2 | ||
| L2/06-231 | Moore, Lisa (2006-08-17), "C.11", UTC #108 Minutes | |||||
| N3153 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-02-16), "M49.1a", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29 | |||||
| U+1065..1074 | 16 | L2/06-163 | Wordingham, Richard (2006-05-07), Non-Shan Issues Relating to N3080: Preliminary proposal for encoding Karen, Shan, and Kayah Characters | |||
| L2/06-303 | N3142 | Everson, Michael; Hosken, Martin (2006-09-08), Proposal for encoding Myanmar characters for Karen and Kayah in the UCS | ||||
| N3153 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-02-16), "M49.16", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29 | |||||
| L2/06-324R2 | Moore, Lisa (2006-11-29), "Consensus 109-C6", UTC #109 Minutes | |||||
| 5.2 | U+109A..109D | 4 | L2/08-145 | N3436 | Everson, Michael (2008-04-14), Ordering and character properties for Myanmar Khamti Shan characters | |
| L2/08-181R | N3423R | Hosken, Martin (2008-04-29), Proposal to add Khamti Shan Characters to the Myanmar Blocks | ||||
| L2/08-276 | N3492 | Hosken, Martin (2008-08-04), Extended proposal to add Khamti Shan Characters to the Myanmar Blocks [2008.08.04] | ||||
| L2/08-318 | N3453 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2008-08-13), "M52.13", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 52 | ||||
| L2/08-253R2 | Moore, Lisa (2008-08-19), "Myanmar/Khamti Shan (B15.2, E.4)", UTC #116 Minutes | |||||
| L2/08-161R2 | Moore, Lisa (2008-11-05), "Myanmar", UTC #115 Minutes | |||||
| L2/08-412 | N3553 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2008-11-05), "M53.04", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 53 | ||||
| ||||||
Historic and nonstandard uses of range
In Unicode 1.0.0, part of the current Myanmar block was used for Tibetan. In Microsoft Windows, collation data referring to the old Tibetan block was retained as late as Windows XP, and removed in Windows 2003.[5]
In Myanmar, devices and software localisation often use Zawgyi fonts rather than Unicode-compliant fonts.[6] These use the same range as the Unicode Myanmar block (0x1000–0x109F), and are even applied to text encoded like UTF-8 (although Zawgyi text does not officially constitute UTF-8), despite only a subset of the code points being interpreted the same way. Zawgyi lacks support for Myanmar-script languages other than Burmese, but heuristic methods exist for detecting the encoding of text which is assumed to be Burmese.[7]
References
- ^ "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
- ^ "Unicode Character Database: Standardized Variation Sequences". The Unicode Consortium.
- ^ Hosken, Martin (2015-11-03). "L2/15-320: Proposal to Create Variation Sequences for Khamti Characters" (PDF).
- ^ Kaplan, Michael (2007-08-28). "Every character has a story #29: U+1000^H^H^H^H0f40, (TIBETAN or MYANMAR LETTER KA, depending on when you ask)". Sorting it all out.
- ^ Nagarajah, Sasha. "Zawgyi vs. Unicode". Global App Testing.
- ^ Loomis, Steven R.; Cornelius, Craig (2019). "Myanmar Scripts and Languages". Frequently Asked Questions. Unicode Consortium.
