List of federal judges appointed by Thomas Jefferson
Following is a list of all Article III United States federal judges appointed by President Thomas Jefferson during his presidency.[1] In total Jefferson appointed 19 Article III federal judges, including 3 Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States, 7 judges to the United States circuit courts, and 9 judges to the United States district courts. Three of Jefferson's circuit court appointments were to seats that had been created by the Midnight Judges Act, signed by John Adams to allow the appointment of many of his supporters in the closing days of his administration. The service of these judges, including those appointed by Jefferson, terminated on July 1, 1802, due to the repeal of the Act and the accompanying abolition of the court.
Two of Jefferson's appointees, William Cranch (whom Jefferson elevated to Chief Judge of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia) and Henry Potter (appointed first to the Fifth Circuit, and then to the District of North Carolina) served into the 1850s. Potter's 55 years on the latter court remains the longest period of active service in United States federal court history.
- William Johnson was Jefferson's longest serving Supreme Court appointee, and had a fiercely independent judicial philosophy.
- William Cranch, initially appointed to the District of Columbia Circuit by John Adams, was elevated by Thomas Jefferson to be Chief Judge of that court, and became one of the longest-serving federal judges in U.S. history.
United States Supreme Court justices
# | Justice | Seat | State | Former justice | Nomination date | Confirmation date | Began active service | Ended active service |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | William Johnson | 5 | South Carolina | Alfred Moore | March 22, 1804 | March 24, 1804 | March 26, 1804 | August 4, 1834 |
2 | Henry Brockholst Livingston | 1 | New York | William Paterson | December 13, 1806 | December 17, 1806 | November 10, 1806[2] | March 18, 1823 |
3 | Thomas Todd | 6 | Virginia | Seat established | February 28, 1807 | March 2, 1807 | March 3, 1807 | February 7, 1826 |
Circuit courts
# | Judge | Circuit | Nomination date | Confirmation date | Began active service | Ended active service |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | William Kilty | D.C. | January 6, 1802 | January 26, 1802 | March 23, 1801[3][4] | January 27, 1806 |
2 | Henry Potter | Fifth | January 6, 1802 | January 26, 1802 | May 9, 1801[3][5] | April 7, 1802 |
3 | Dominic Augustin Hall | Fifth | January 6, 1802 | January 26, 1802 | July 1, 1801[3][4] | July 1, 1802[6] |
4 | Edward Harris | Fifth | April 27, 1802 | April 29, 1802 | May 3, 1802[5] | July 1, 1802[6] |
5 | Nicholas Battalle Fitzhugh | D.C. | November 21, 1803 | November 25, 1803 | November 25, 1803[5] | December 31, 1814 |
6 | William Cranch | D.C. | February 21, 1806 | February 24, 1806 | February 24, 1806[7] | September 1, 1855 |
7 | Allen Bowie Duckett | D.C. | February 28, 1806 | March 3, 1806 | March 17, 1806[5] | July 19, 1809 |
District courts
# | Judge | Court [Note 1] | Nomination date | Confirmation date | Began active service | Ended active service |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | David L. Barnes | D.R.I. | January 6, 1802 | January 26, 1802 | April 30, 1801[3] | November 3, 1812 |
2 | William Stephens | D. Ga. | January 6, 1802 | January 26, 1802 | October 22, 1801[3] | October 13, 1818 |
3 | Henry Potter | D.N.C. | April 6, 1802 | April 7, 1802 | April 7, 1802 | December 20, 1857 |
4 | Charles Willing Byrd | D. Ohio | March 1, 1803 | March 3, 1803 | March 3, 1803 | August 25, 1828 |
5 | John Samuel Sherburne | D.N.H. | March 22, 1804 | March 24, 1804 | March 26, 1804 | August 2, 1830 |
6 | Dominic Augustin Hall | D. Orleans | November 30, 1804 | November 30, 1804 | December 11, 1804 | April 30, 1812 |
7 | Matthias B. Tallmadge | D.N.Y. | December 20, 1805 | December 23, 1805 | June 12, 1805[8] | July 1, 1819[9] |
8 | Pierpont Edwards | D. Conn. | February 21, 1806 | February 24, 1806 | February 24, 1806 | April 5, 1826 |
9 | James Houston | D. Md. | April 19, 1806 | April 21, 1806 | April 21, 1806 | June 8, 1819 |
See also
- Marbury v. Madison (1803)
- Stuart v. Laird (1803)
- United States v. More (1805)
Notes
References
- General
- "Judges of the United States Courts". Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. Federal Judicial Center. Archived from the original on 2016-07-30. Retrieved 2009-04-03.
- Specific
- ^ All information on the names, terms of service, and details of appointment of federal judges is derived from the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public-domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 13, 1806, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 17, 1806, and received commission on January 16, 1807.
- ^ a b c d e Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 6, 1802, confirmed by the United States Senate on January 26, 1802, and received commission on January 26, 1802.
- ^ a b Appointed as Chief Judge.
- ^ a b c d Appointed as an Associate Judge.
- ^ a b Appointed to a seat created by the Midnight Judges Act, abolished with the repeal of that act on July 1, 1802.
- ^ Appointed as Chief Judge after previously serving as an Associate Judge of the same court.
- ^ Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 20, 1805, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 23, 1805, and received commission on January 17, 1806.
- ^ Reassigned by operation of law to the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York on April 9, 1814.
Sources
- v
- t
- e
- 3rd President of the United States (1801–1809)
- 2nd Vice President of the United States (1797–1801)
- 1st United States Secretary of State (1790–1793)
- U.S. Minister to France (1785–1789)
- Delegate to the Congress of the Confederation (1783–1784)
- 2nd Governor of Virginia (1779–1781)
- Delegate to the Second Continental Congress (1775–1776)
- Delegate, Fifth Virginia Convention (1776)
documents of
the United States
- A Summary View of the Rights of British America (1774)
- Olive Branch Petition (initial draft; 1775)
- Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms (1775)
- Declaration of Independence (1776)
- Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 1777 draft and 1786 passage
- Land Ordinance of 1784
- Land Ordinance of 1785
- Northwest Ordinance (1787)
- Co-author, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789)
- Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
- Louisiana Purchase
- Lewis and Clark Expedition
- Dunbar and Hunter Expedition
- Red River Expedition
- Pike Expedition
- Cumberland Road
- Embargo Act of 1807
- Chesapeake–Leopard affair
- Non-Intercourse Act
- First Barbary War
- Native American policy
- Burr conspiracy
- Marbury v. Madison
- West Point Military Academy
- State of the Union Addresses
- Cabinet
- Federal judicial appointments
accomplishments
- Early life and career
- Franco-American alliance
- Founder, University of Virginia
- Ratification Day
- Anti-Administration party
- Democratic-Republican Party
- Jeffersonian democracy
- Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States (1790)
- Residence Act
- Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
- A Manual of Parliamentary Practice (1801)
- American Creed
- Jefferson disk
- Swivel chair
- Megalonyx
architecture
- Barboursville
- Farmington
- Monticello
- Poplar Forest
- University of Virginia
- The Rotunda
- The Lawn
- Jefferson Hall
- Virginia State Capitol
- White House Colonnades
- The Papers of Thomas Jefferson
- Notes on the State of Virginia (1785)
- Proposals for concerted operation among the powers at war with the Pyratical states of Barbary (1786)
- European journey memorandums (1787)
- Indian removal letters
- The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth (c. 1819)
- Jefferson manuscript collection at the Massachusetts Historical Society
- Founders Online
- Age of Enlightenment
- American Enlightenment
- American Philosophical Society
- American Revolution
- patriots
- Member, Virginia Committee of Correspondence
- Committee of the States
- Founding Fathers of the United States
- Historical reputation
- Jefferson and education
- Religious views
- Jefferson and slavery
- Jefferson and the Library of Congress
- Jefferson Pier
- Pet mockingbird
- National Gazette
- Sally Hemings
- Separation of church and state
- The American Museum magazine
- Tufton Farm
- Governor's Palace (Williamsburg, Virginia)
- Virginia dynasty
- Ward republic
memorials
- Bibliography
- Jefferson Memorial
- Mount Rushmore
- Birthday
- Thomas Jefferson Building
- Jefferson River
- Jefferson Territory
- Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression
- Jefferson Lecture
- Jefferson National Expansion Memorial
- Thomas Jefferson Star for Foreign Service
- Statues
- Karl Bitter statues
- Hempstead statue
- Louisville statue
- University of Virginia statue
- David d'Angers statue
- Jefferson Literary and Debating Society
- Thomas Jefferson Foundation
- Jefferson Lab
- Monticello Association
- Jefferson City, Missouri
- Jefferson College
- Thomas Jefferson School of Law
- Thomas Jefferson University
- Washington and Jefferson National Forests
- Peaks and mountains
- Jefferson Rock
- Other placenames
- Jefferson–Jackson Day
- Currency depictions
- U.S. postage stamps
- Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
depictions
- The Patriots (1946 play)
- Ben and Me (1953 short)
- 1776
- 1969 musical
- 1972 film
- Jefferson in Paris (1995 film)
- Thomas Jefferson (1997 film)
- Liberty! (1997 documentary series)
- Liberty's Kids (2002 animated series)
- John Adams (2008 miniseries)
- Jefferson's Garden (2015 play)
- Hamilton
- 2015 musical
- 2020 film
- Washington (2020 miniseries)
- Wine bottles controversy
- Cultural depictions of Sally Hemings
- Martha Jefferson (wife)
- Martha Jefferson Randolph (daughter)
- Mary Jefferson Eppes (daughter)
- Harriet Hemings (daughter)
- Madison Hemings (son)
- Eston Hemings (son)
- Thomas J. Randolph (grandson)
- Francis Eppes (grandson)
- George W. Randolph (grandson)
- John Wayles Jefferson (grandson)
- Frederick Madison Roberts (great-grandson)
- Peter Jefferson (father)
- Jane Randolph Jefferson (mother)
- Lucy Jefferson Lewis (sister)
- Randolph Jefferson (brother)
- Isham Randolph (grandfather)
- William Randolph (great-grandfather)