List of carnivorous plants

Darlingtonia californica is a carnivorous plant, the sole member of the genus Darlingtonia in the family Sarraceniaceae.

This list of carnivorous plants is a comprehensive listing of all known carnivorous plant species, of which more than 750 are currently recognised.[1] Unless otherwise stated it is based on Jan Schlauer's Carnivorous Plant Database Archived 2016-09-18 at the Wayback Machine. Extinct taxa are denoted with a dagger (†).

Some of the species on this list may not satisfy certain strict definitions of plant carnivory, and could alternatively be characterised as merely paracarnivorous or protocarnivorous.

Extant species

Aldrovanda

Aldrovanda vesiculosa

This genus contains a single extant species.

  • Aldrovanda vesiculosa L., 1753

Brocchinia

This genus contains around 20 extant species, of which at least two are thought to be carnivorous.

  • Brocchinia hechtioides Mez, 1913
  • Brocchinia reducta Baker, 1882

Byblis

The following list of 8 species is based on Carnivorous Plants of Australia Magnum Opus (2013).[2]

  • Byblis aquatica Lowrie & Conran, 1998
  • Byblis filifolia Planch., 1848
  • Byblis gigantea Lindl., 1839
  • Byblis guehoi Lowrie & Conran, 2008
  • Byblis lamellata Lowrie & Conran, 2002
  • Byblis liniflora Salisb., 1808
  • Byblis pilbarana Lowrie & Conran, 2013
  • Byblis rorida Lowrie & Conran, 1998

Catopsis

This genus contains around 20 extant species, of which at least one is thought to be carnivorous.

Cephalotus

This genus contains a single extant species.

Darlingtonia

This genus contains a single extant species.

Dionaea

Dionaea muscipula

This genus contains a single extant species.

Drosera

There are around 208 species here:

Drosera binata
Drosera derbyensis
Drosera hartmeyerorum
Drosera madagascariensis
Drosera pedicellaris
Drosera tokaiensis

Drosophyllum

Drosophyllum lusitanicum

This genus contains a single extant species.

Genlisea

The following list of 29 species is based on Monograph of the Genus Genlisea (2012).[3]

  • Genlisea africana Oliv., 1865
  • Genlisea angolensis R.D.Good, 1924
  • Genlisea aurea A.St.-Hil., 1833
  • Genlisea barthlottii S.Porembski, Eb.Fisch. & Gemmel, 1996
  • Genlisea exhibitionista Rivadavia & A.Fleischm., 2011
  • Genlisea filiformis A.St.-Hil., 1833
  • Genlisea flexuosa Rivadavia, A.Fleischm. & Gonella, 2011
  • Genlisea glabra P.Taylor, 1967
  • Genlisea glandulosissima R.E.Fr., 1916
  • Genlisea guianensis N.E.Br., 1900
Genlisea violacea

Heliamphora

The following list of 23 species (plus 2 undescribed species) is based on Sarraceniaceae of South America (2011).[4]

Heliamphora nutans

Nepenthes

The following list of 170 species (plus 2 undescribed species) is based on Pitcher Plants of the Old World (2009)[5] and New Nepenthes (2011),[6] with the addition of newly described species.

Nepenthes aristolochioides
Nepenthes eymae
Nepenthes rajah
Nepenthes villosa

Philcoxia

This genus contains seven extant species, all of which are thought to be carnivorous.

  • Philcoxia bahiensis V.C.Souza & Harley, 2000
  • Philcoxia goiasensis P.Taylor, 2000
  • Philcoxia minensis V.C.Souza & Giul., 2000
  • Philcoxia tuberosa M.L.S.Carvalho & L.P.Queiroz, 2014
  • Philcoxia rhizomatosa A.V.Scatigna & V.C.Souza, 2015
  • Philcoxia maranhensis A.V.Scatigna, 2017
  • Philcoxia courensis A.V.Scatigna, 2017

Pinguicula

Pinguicula moranensis

Roridula

This genus contains two extant species.

Sarracenia

The following list of 8 species is based on Sarraceniaceae of North America (2011).[7]

Sarracenia oreophila

Some authorities additionally recognise up to three more species:

Stylidium

Around 300 species of Stylidium are currently recognised.

Stylidium bulbiferum
  • Stylidium bulbiferum : Circus triggerplant
  • Stylidium burbidgeanum
  • Stylidium buxifolium
  • Stylidium caespitosum : Fly-away triggerplant
  • Stylidium calcaratum : Book triggerplant
  • Stylidium candelabrum
  • Stylidium capillare
  • Stylidium caricifolium : Milkmaids
  • Stylidium carlquistii
  • Stylidium carnosum : Fleshy-leaved triggerplant
  • Stylidium caulescens
  • Stylidium ceratophorum
  • Stylidium chiddarcoopingense
  • Stylidium chinense
  • Stylidium choreanthum : Dancing triggerplant
  • Stylidium cicatricosum
  • Stylidium ciliatum : Golden triggerplant
  • Stylidium cilium
  • Stylidium clarksonii
  • Stylidium clavatum
  • Stylidium claytonioides
  • Stylidium coatesianum
  • Stylidium compressum
  • Stylidium confertum
  • Stylidium confluens
  • Stylidium cordifolium
  • Stylidium coroniforme : Wongan Hills triggerplant
  • Stylidium corymbosum : Whitecaps
  • Stylidium costulatum
  • Stylidium crassifolium : Thick-leaved triggerplant
  • Stylidium crossocephalum : Posy triggerplant
  • Stylidium cuneiformis
  • Stylidium cygnorum
  • Stylidium cymiferum
  • Stylidium daphne
  • Stylidium debile
  • Stylidium delicatum
  • Stylidium desertorum
  • Stylidium despectum : Dwarf triggerplant
  • Stylidium diceratum
Stylidium dichotomum
Bud and scape of Stylidium fimbriatum displaying the trichomes that can trap and kill insects.
Stlydium laricifolium print from William Jackson Hooker's 1823 Exotic Flora.
Stylidium productum
  • Stylidium productum
  • Stylidium proliferum
  • Stylidium prophyllum
  • Stylidium propinquum
  • Stylidium pruinosum
  • Stylidium pseudocaespitosum
  • Stylidium pseudohirsutum
  • Stylidium pseudosacculatum
  • Stylidium pseudotenellum
  • Stylidium pubigerum : Yellow Butterfly triggerplant
  • Stylidium pulchellum : Thumbelina triggerplant
  • Stylidium pulviniforme
  • Stylidium pycnostachyum : Downy triggerplant
  • Stylidium pygmaeum : Pygmy triggerplant
  • Stylidium quadrifurcatum : Four-pronged triggerplant
  • Stylidium ramosissimum
  • Stylidium ramosum
  • Stylidium reductum
  • Stylidium reduplicatum
  • Stylidium repens : Matted triggerplant
  • Stylidium rhipidium : Fan triggerplant
  • Stylidium rhynchocarpum : Black-beaked triggerplant
  • Stylidium ricae
  • Stylidium rigidulum
  • Stylidium rivulosum
  • Stylidium robustum
  • Stylidium roseo-alatum : Pink-wing triggerplant
  • Stylidium roseonanum
  • Stylidium roseum
  • Stylidium rotundifolium
  • Stylidium rubriscapum
  • Stylidium rupestre : Rock triggerplant
  • Stylidium sacculatum
  • Stylidium scabridum : Moth triggerplant
Curtis's Botanical Magazine print of Stylidium scandens.
Stylidium turbinatum

Triantha

This genus contains at least 4 species, one of which was reported to be carnivorous in 2021.[8]

Triphyophyllum

Triphyophyllum peltatum

This genus contains a single extant species.

Utricularia

Utricularia bisquamata
Utricularia dichotoma
Utricularia inflata
Utricularia minor
Utricularia sandersonii
Utricularia warburgii

Extinct species

Aldrovanda

Numerous extinct species of Aldrovanda have been described, all of which are known only from fossil pollen and seeds (with the exception of A. inopinata, which is also known from fossilised laminae).

†Archaeamphora

Artist's restoration of Archaeamphora longicervia.

This genus contains a single extinct species, described from fossilised leaf material. The identification of Archaeamphora as a pitcher plant (and therefore carnivorous plant) has been questioned by a number of authors.[4][9][10]

†Droserapites

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen.

†Droserapollis

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen.

†Droseridites

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen. Three species of the "Droseridites echinosporus group" have been transferred to the genus Nepenthes (see below).

†Fischeripollis

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen.

Nepenthes

Three species known only from fossil pollen and originally assigned to Droseridites have been transferred to the genus Nepenthes.

†Nepenthidites

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen. Droseridites major (Nepenthes major) and Droseridites parvus are considered synonyms of Nepenthidites laitryngewensis by some authorities.[11]

†Palaeoaldrovanda

This is a form taxon known only from what were originally described as fossil seeds. These supposed seeds have subsequently been identified as insect eggs.[9]

†Saxonipollis

This is a form taxon known only from fossil pollen.

See also

  • List of Nepenthes natural hybrids
  • Nepenthes classification

References

  1. ^ Lowrie, A. (2013). Preface. In: Carnivorous Plants of Australia Magnum Opus - Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. xi–xiii. ISBN 978-1-908787-11-8.
  2. ^ Lowrie, A. (2013). Byblis. In: Carnivorous Plants of Australia Magnum Opus - Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 205–237. ISBN 978-1-908787-11-8.
  3. ^ Fleischmann, A. (2012). Monograph of the Genus Genlisea. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN 978-190-878-700-2.
  4. ^ a b McPherson, S., A. Wistuba, A. Fleischmann & J. Nerz (2011). Sarraceniaceae of South America. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN 978-0-9558918-7-8.
  5. ^ McPherson, S.R. (2009). Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN 978-0-9558918-2-3. ISBN 978-0-9558918-3-0.
  6. ^ McPherson, S.R. (2011). New Nepenthes: Volume One. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN 978-0-9558918-9-2.
  7. ^ McPherson, S. & D. Schnell (2011). Sarraceniaceae of North America. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. ISBN 978-0-9558918-6-1.
  8. ^ Lin, Qianshi; Ané, Cécile; Givnish, Thomas J.; Graham, Sean W. (August 17, 2021). "A new carnivorous plant lineage (Triantha) with a unique sticky-inflorescence trap". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (33): e2022724118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11822724L. doi:10.1073/pnas.2022724118. PMC 8379919. PMID 34373325.
  9. ^ a b Heřmanová, Z. & J. Kvaček (2010). Late Cretaceous Palaeoaldrovanda, not seeds of a carnivorous plant, but eggs of an insect Archived 2015-10-09 at the Wayback Machine. Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series, 179(9): 105–118.
  10. ^ Brittnacher, J. (2013). Phylogeny and biogeography of the Sarraceniaceae. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 42(3): 99–106.
  11. ^ Saxena, R.K. & G.K. Trivedi (2006). A Catalogue of Tertiary Spores and Pollen from India. Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.