Kazimiera Żuławska

Polish romanist

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Polish. (January 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions.

View a machine-translated version of the Polish article.
Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Polish Wikipedia article at [[:pl:Kazimiera Żuławska]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template {{Translated|pl|Kazimiera Żuławska}} to the talk page.
For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Righteous Among the Nations

The Holocaust Rescuers of Jews Righteousness Seven Laws of Noah Yad Vashem
By country
Austrian Croatian German Hungarian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish (list) Romanian Serbian Ukrainian
v t e

Kazimiera Żuławska née Hanicki (22 February 1883 – 18 April 1971) was a Romanist, translator, mountaineer, and women's rights activist.

Biography

She was born Kazimiera Hanicki in Czemerysy to a landed gentry family, daughter of Ignacy Dionizy Hanicki and Zofia née Ostolska. She graduated from the 2nd Warsaw Girls' Gymnasium, receiving a silver medal in 1900 and qualification as a home teacher.^[1] She studied Romance studies at the universities in Lviv and Bern. In the latter, in 1910, she obtained a doctorate for her thesis "Women in the Woltera Theater".

She married the writer Jerzy Żuławski on 22 June 1907. With her husband and his brother Janusz, she climbed the Alps and the Tatra Mountains. In the years 1910–1921 she lived in Zakopane. After the outbreak of World War I, Jerzy Żuławski joined the Legions, and Kazimiera was the chairman of the Zakopane section of the Women's League of Galicia and Silesia (1915–1918).^[2] After her husband's death in 1915, she became the secretary of Kazimierz Tetmajer. The Żuławski House - "Łada" at ul. Chałubińskiego [3] - it was a meeting center for the Zakopane bohemians Witkacy, Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, Jan Kasprowicz, Tymon Niesiołowski, Bronisław Malinowski.^[3]^[4] In order to obtain funds for herself and her children, she also ran a guest house and a bakery in "Lada".^[5]

In independent Poland, she left for Toruń with her sons, running the "Zofiówka" guesthouse at ul. Bydgoska 26. where her friends from Zakopane also visited. Including frequented here Stanislaw Przybyszewski, Tymon Niesiołowski, Charles Zawodziński, Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz, Juliusz Osterwa.^[6] In those years she was in a relationship with the composer and violinist Marceli Feliks Popławski. After moving to Warsaw, she worked as a clerk of the Social Insurance Institution. She was also a translator of French and Spanish literature and mountaineering books. At the end of the 1920s, she returned to the Polish Women's League.

During World War II, she hid Jews in her apartment, whom she helped to obtain false documents and find employment. For her heroism, together with her son Wawrzyniec, she was posthumously honored by Yad Vashem in 1981 with the title "Righteous Among the Nations".^[7]

In Warsaw, she lived until her death, changing addresses. She still ran an open house, and was an artist. She continued to translate into Polish, including the drama "Judyta" by Charles de Peyret-Chappuis, staged by Kazimierz Dejmek at the New Theatre, Łódź (10 September 1960), and then at the Television Theater directed by Stanisław Wohl (1960) and Irena Babel (1974).^[8] After her retirement, she was supported by her sons - Marek, an artist-painter living in exile in London, Juliusz, a writer and long-time president of the Pen Club, and the youngest Wawrzyniec, (musicologist and composer). All Żuławskis inherited from her passion for climbing and mountaineering. She was buried in the Powązki cemetery (section R, row 4, place 21: Tadeusz Ostolski, inv. 14884).^[9]

References

^ Natalia Yakubova, Kazimiera Żuławska - biogram Portal internetowy projektu „Archiwum kobiet: Piszące” Archived 2019-06-21 at the Wayback Machine [dostęp 21 czerwca 2019]
^ Joanna Dufrat, Kobiety w kręgu lewicy niepodległościowej. Od Ligi Kobiet Pogotowia Wojennego do Ochotniczej Legii Kobiet (1908–1918/1919, Toruń 2001, s.181
^ Zob. hasło w Wikipedii - Projekty architektoniczne Stanisława Witkiewicza
^ Marek Żuławski - biografia - strona internetowa
^ Natalia Yakubova, Kazimiera Żuławska - biogram Portal internetowy projektu „Archiwum kobiet: Piszące” Archived 2019-06-21 at the Wayback Machine [dostęp 21 czerwca 2019]
^ Marek Żuławski - biografia - strona internetowa
^ Lista Polscy Sprawiedliwi wśród narodów świata - Portal internetowy Muzeum Polin [dostęp 21 czerwca 2019]; Żuławska FAMILY - The Righteous Among The Nations - Portal internetowy Yad Washen [dostęp 21 czerwca 2019]
^ Encyklopedia Polskiego Teatru - Portal internetowy [dostęp 23 czerwca 2019]
^ "Cmentarz Stare Powązki: TADEUSZ OSTOLSKI". [w:] Warszawskie Zabytkowe Pomniki Nagrobne [online]. Archived from the original on 2021-05-18. Retrieved 2019-06-21.