HARS

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

HARS1

Available structures

PDB

Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes
1X59, 2LW7, 4G84, 4G85, 4PHC, 4X5O

Identifiers

Aliases

HARS1, HRS, USH3B, CMT2W, histidyl-tRNA synthetase, HARS, histidyl-tRNA synthetase 1

External IDs

OMIM: 142810; MGI: 108087; HomoloGene: 1592; GeneCards: HARS1; OMA:HARS1 - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 5 (human)^[1]

Band	5q31.3	Start	140,673,035 bp^[1]
Band	5q31.3	End	140,691,537 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 18 (mouse)^[2]

Band	18\|18 B2	Start	36,899,581 bp^[2]
Band	18\|18 B2	End	36,916,258 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

lateral nuclear group of thalamus

right frontal lobe

anterior pituitary

Pars compacta

pars reticulata

right hemisphere of cerebellum

Brodmann area 9

nucleus accumbens

putamen

caudate nucleus

Top expressed in

ureter

cingulate gyrus

primitive streak

fetal liver hematopoietic progenitor cell

medial vestibular nucleus

medullary collecting duct

lateral hypothalamus

epiblast

medial dorsal nucleus

dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell

More reference expression data

BioGPS


More reference expression data

Gene ontology
Molecular function	aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity nucleotide binding ligase activity ATP binding histidine-tRNA ligase activity identical protein binding
Cellular component	cytoplasm mitochondrion cytosol
Biological process	tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation protein biosynthesis mitochondrial translation histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


3035


15115

Ensembl


ENSG00000170445


ENSMUSG00000001380

UniProt


P12081


Q61035

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_002109 NM_001258040 NM_001258041 NM_001258042 NM_001289092
NM_001289093 NM_001289094


NM_008214

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001244969 NP_001244970 NP_001244971 NP_001276021 NP_001276022
NP_001276023 NP_002100


NP_032240

Location (UCSC)

Chr 5: 140.67 – 140.69 Mb

Chr 18: 36.9 – 36.92 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HARS) also known as histidine-tRNA ligase, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the HARS gene.^[5]^[6]

Function

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic enzyme which belongs to the class II family of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. The enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, which is essential for the incorporation of histidine into proteins.^[7] The gene is located in a head-to-head orientation with HARSL on chromosome five, where the homologous genes share a bidirectional promoter.^[5]

Clinical significance

The gene product is a frequent target of autoantibodies in the human autoimmune disease polymyositis/dermatomyositis.^[7]

Interactions

HARS has been shown to interact with EEF1B2^[8] and EEF1G.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170445 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000001380 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: HARS histidyl-tRNA synthetase".
^ Wasmuth JJ, Carlock LR (1986). "Chromosomal localization of human gene for histidyl-tRNA synthetase: clustering of genes encoding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases on human chromosome 5". Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 12 (5): 513–7. doi:10.1007/BF01539922. PMID 3464104. S2CID 28520231.
^ ^a ^b Freist W, Verhey JF, Rühlmann A, Gauss DH, Arnez JG (1999). "Histidyl-tRNA synthetase". Biol. Chem. 380 (6): 623–46. doi:10.1515/BC.1999.079. PMID 10430027.
^ ^a ^b Sang Lee J, Gyu Park S, Park H, Seol W, Lee S, Kim S (2002). "Interaction network of human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and subunits of elongation factor 1 complex". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 291 (1): 158–64. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6398. PMID 11829477.

Raben N, Borriello F, Amin J, Horwitz R, Fraser D, Plotz P (1992). "Human histidyl-tRNA synthetase: recognition of amino acid signature regions in class 2a aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases". Nucleic Acids Res. 20 (5): 1075–81. doi:10.1093/nar/20.5.1075. PMC 312093. PMID 1549469.
Shi MH, Tsui FW, Rubin LA (1991). "Cellular localization of the target structures recognized by the anti-Jo-1 antibody: immunofluorescence studies on cultured human myoblasts". J. Rheumatol. 18 (2): 252–8. PMID 2023220.
Carlock LR, Skarecky D, Dana SL, Wasmuth JJ (1985). "Deletion mapping of human chromosome 5 using chromosome-specific DNA probes". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 37 (5): 839–52. PMC 1684692. PMID 2996334.
Wasmuth JJ, Carlock LR (1986). "Chromosomal localization of human gene for histidyl-tRNA synthetase: clustering of genes encoding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases on human chromosome 5". Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 12 (5): 513–7. doi:10.1007/BF01539922. PMID 3464104. S2CID 28520231.
Tsui FW, Siminovitch L (1987). "Isolation, structure and expression of mammalian genes for histidyl-tRNA synthetase". Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (8): 3349–67. doi:10.1093/nar/15.8.3349. PMC 340734. PMID 3554142.
O'Hanlon TP, Raben N, Miller FW (1995). "A novel gene oriented in a head-to-head configuration with the human histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS) gene encodes an mRNA that predicts a polypeptide homologous to HRS". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 210 (2): 556–66. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1696. PMID 7755634.
Ogata K, Kurahashi A, Nishiyama C, Terao K (1994). "Presence of role of the 5SrRNA-L5 protein complex (5SRNP) in the threonyl- and histidyl-tRNA synthetase complex in rat liver cytosol". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1218 (3): 388–400. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(94)90192-9. PMID 8049265.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Tsui HW, Mok S, de Souza L, Martin A, Tsui FW (1993). "Transcriptional analyses of the gene region that encodes human histidyl-tRNA synthetase: identification of a novel bidirectional regulatory element". Gene. 131 (2): 201–8. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(93)90294-D. PMID 8406012.
Vázquez-Abad D, Carson JH, Rothfield N (1996). "Localization of histidyl-tRNA synthetase (Jo-1) in human laryngeal epithelial carcinoma cell line (HEp-2 cells)". Cell Tissue Res. 286 (3): 487–91. doi:10.1007/s004410050718. PMID 8929351. S2CID 1552865.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Sang Lee J, Gyu Park S, Park H, Seol W, Lee S, Kim S (2002). "Interaction network of human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and subunits of elongation factor 1 complex". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 291 (1): 158–64. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2002.6398. PMID 11829477.
O'Hanlon TP, Miller FW (2002). "Genomic organization, transcriptional mapping, and evolutionary implications of the human bi-directional histidyl-tRNA synthetase locus (HARS/HARSL)". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 294 (3): 609–14. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)00525-9. PMID 12056811.
Ascherman DP, Oriss TB, Oddis CV, Wright TM (2002). "Critical requirement for professional APCs in eliciting T cell responses to novel fragments of histidyl-tRNA synthetase (Jo-1) in Jo-1 antibody-positive polymyositis". J. Immunol. 169 (12): 7127–34. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.12.7127. PMID 12471150.
Lu Q, Hope LW, Brasch M, Reinhard C, Cohen SN (2003). "TSG101 interaction with HRS mediates endosomal trafficking and receptor down-regulation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (13): 7626–31. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7626L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0932599100. PMC 164637. PMID 12802020.
Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.
Levine SM, Raben N, Xie D, Askin FB, Tuder R, Mullins M, Rosen A, Casciola-Rosen LA (2007). "Novel conformation of histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase in the lung: the target tissue in Jo-1 autoantibody-associated myositis". Arthritis Rheum. 56 (8): 2729–39. doi:10.1002/art.22790. PMID 17665459.