Free gingival graft

A free gingival graft is a type of gingival grafting performed to correct acquired deficiencies of the gum tissue around teeth or dental implants. Besides autologous tissues, xenogeneic collagen matrices are using for gingival augmentation after dental implantation.^[1] Simultaneous injection of stem cells may improve the grafting outcomes due to enhanced vascularization and epithelialization in affected tissues.^[2]

References

^ Santamaria, Mauro Pedrine; Rossato, Amanda; Miguel, Manuela Maria Viana; Fonseca, Manuela Bafini; Bautista, Cristhian Reynaldo Gomez; de Marco, Andrea Carvalho; Mathias-Santamaria, Ingrid Fernandes; Ferreira Ferraz, Laís Fernanda (May 2022). "Comparison of two types of xenogeneic matrices to treat single gingival recessions: A randomized clinical trial". Journal of Periodontology. 93 (5): 709–720. doi:10.1002/JPER.21-0212. ISSN 1943-3670. PMID 34598314. S2CID 238249598.
^ Kulakov, Anatoliy; Kogan, Evgenia; Brailovskaya, Tatiana; Vedyaeva, Anna; Zharkov, Nickolay; Krasilnikova, Olga; Krasheninnikov, Mikhail; Baranovskii, Denis; Rasulov, Timur; Klabukov, Ilya (2021-09-04). "Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhance Vascularization and Epithelialization within 7 Days after Gingival Augmentation with Collagen Matrices in Rabbits". Dentistry Journal. 9 (9): 101. doi:10.3390/dj9090101. ISSN 2304-6767. PMC 8469508. PMID 34562975.

Dentistry involving supporting structures of teeth (Periodontology)

Anatomy

Periodontium
Alveolar bone
Biologic width
Cementum
Free gingival margin
Gingiva
Gingival fibers
Gingival sulcus
Junctional epithelium
Mucogingival junction
Periodontal ligament
Sulcular epithelium
Stippling

Disease

Diagnoses	Chronic periodontitis Localized aggressive periodontitis Generalized aggressive periodontitis Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease Periodontosis Necrotizing periodontal diseases Abscesses of the periodontium Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions
Infection	A. actinomycetemcomitans Capnocytophaga sp. F. nucleatum P. gingivalis P. intermedia T. forsythia T. denticola Red complex Entamoeba gingivalis (amoebic) Trichomonas tenax
Other	Calculus Clinical attachment loss Edentulism Fremitus Furcation defect Gingival enlargement Gingival pocket Gingival recession Gingivitis Horizontal bony defect Linear gingival erythema Occlusal trauma Periodontal pocket Periodontal disease Periodontitis Plaque Vertical bony defect
Treatment and prevention	Periodontal examination Ante's law Brushing Bleeding on probing Chlorhexidine gluconate Flossing Hydrogen peroxide Mouthwash Oral hygiene Tetracycline Triclosan Host modulatory therapy

Treatment

Conventional therapy	Debridement Scaling and root planing Full mouth disinfection Full mouth ultrasonic debridement
Surgery	Apically positioned flap Bone graft Coronally positioned flap Crown lengthening Free gingival graft Gingival grafting Gingivectomy Guided bone regeneration Guided tissue regeneration Enamel matrix derivative Implant placement Lateral pedicle graft Open flap debridement Pocket reduction surgery Socket preservation Sinus lift Subepithelial connective tissue graft Tools Curette Membrane Probe Scaler

Conventional therapy

Surgery