De Jussieu system

Late 18th century system of plant taxonomy

An early system of plant taxonomy developed by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (1748 – 1836), the de Jussieu System' (1789), is of great importance as a starting point for botanical nomenclature at the rank of family, together with Michel Adanson's Familles naturelles des plantes (1763). While Adanson introduced the concept of families, Jussieu arranged them hierarchically into Divisions, Classes and Orders (equivalent to families), in his seminal Genera plantarum.[1]

After the publication of Genera plantarum Jussieu published many memoirs further developing the description and circumscription of families. His final sysyem was published posthumously in 1837, a year after his death.[2]

Organization

  • Index: Structured p. lxiii,[3] Alphabetical p. 454[4]
  • Overview: Page lxii - Classes and orders

The main groups recognized are:

  • I. Acotyledones
  • II. Monocotyledones
  • III. Dicotyledones

Further subdivided by the position of the stamens and calyx in reference to the ovary

    • Hypogyna (“below ovary”; Ovary above attachment of floral parts)
    • Perigyna (Ovary surrounded by attachment of floral parts)
    • Epigyna (“above ovary”; Ovary below attachment of floral parts)[5]

Acotyledones

  • I. Acotyledones (page 1)
    Classes: 1, with as families: Fungi, Algae, Hepaticae, Musci, Filices, Najades

Monocotyledones

  • II. Monocotyledones (page 21)
    Classes: 2-4
2: Stamina hypogyna (page 23)
4 Orders
4. Ordo I Aroideae (pages 23–25)

...

7. Ordo IV Gramineae (pages 28–35)
3: Stamina perigyna (page 35)
8 Orders
11. Ordo I Palmae (page 37-40)
12. Ordo II Asparagi (pages 40-43)
13. Ordo III Junci (pages 43 - 48)
14. Ordo IV Lilia (pages 48-9)
15. Ordo V Bromeliae (pages 49-51)
16. Ordo VI Asphodeli (pages 51-53)
17. Ordo VII Narcissi (pages 54-56)
18. Ordo VIII Irides (pages 57-60)
4: Stamina epigyna (page 60)
3 Orders
19. Ordo I Musae (pages 61-62)
21. Ordo III Hydrocharides (pages 67-69)

Dicotyledones

  • III. Dicotyledones (page 70)
    A. Monoclinae
    a) Apetalae (Absent petals)
    Classes: 5-7
5: Stamina epigyna (page 72)
6: Stamina perigyna (page 72)
7: Stamina hypogyna (page 86)
  • b) Monopetalae (Fused petals)
    Classes: 8-11
8: Corolla hypogyna (page 93) 15 orders
1. Lysimachiae
...
15. Sapotae
9: Corolla perigyna (page 153)
10: Corolla epigyna: antheris connatis (page 166)
11: Corolla epigyna: antheris distinctis (page 193)
  • c) Polypetalae (Free and separate petals)
    Classes: 12-14
12: Stamina epigyna (page 216)
13: Stamina hypogyna (page 228)
22 Orders
...
11. Ordo XX Cisti (page 294)
...
14: Stamina perigyna (page 305) 13 orders
  • B. Diclinae (page 383)
    Classes: 15

References

  1. ^ Jussieu 1789.
  2. ^ Jussieu 1837.
  3. ^ Jussieu 1789, p. lxiii.
  4. ^ Jussieu 1789, p. 454.
  5. ^ Stevens 1994, p. 54.

Bibliography

  • Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de (1789). Genera plantarum: secundum ordines naturales disposita, juxta methodum in Horto regio parisiensi exaratam, anno M.DCC.LXXIV (in Latin). Paris. OCLC 5161409.(also available at Gallica))
  • Jussieu, Antoine (1837). "Introductio in historiam plantarum". Annales des Sciences Naturelles (in Latin): 97–160, 193–239.
  • Stevens, Peter Francis (1994). The Development of Biological Systematics: Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu, Nature, and the Natural System. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231515085.
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This is a selected list of the more influential systems. There are many other systems, for instance a review of earlier systems, published by Lindley in his 1853 edition, and Dahlgren (1982). Examples include the works of Scopoli, Ventenat, Batsch and Grisebach.
John Ray system (1686–1704)
  • A discourse on the seeds of plants
  • Methodus plantarum nova
  • De Variis Plantarum Methodis Dissertatio Brevis
  • Methodus plantarum emendata et aucta
Linnaean system (1735–51)
Adanson system (1763)
Familles naturelles des plantes
De Jussieu system (1789)
Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam
De Candolle system (1819–24)
Berchtold and Presl
system (1820–1823)
Agardh system (1825)
Classes Plantarum
Gray system (1821)
The Natural Arrangement of British Plants
Perleb system (1826)
Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs
Dumortier system (1829)
Analyse des familles des plantes
Lindley system (1830–45)
  • An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany
  • The Vegetable Kingdom
Don system (1834)
General History of Dichlamydious Plants.
Bentham & Hooker system
(1862–83)
Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita.
Baillon system (1867–94)
Histoire des plantes
Post-Darwinian (Phyletic)
Nineteenth century
Eichler system (1875–1886)
  • Blüthendiagramme: construirt und erläutert
  • Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde
Engler system (1886–1924)
van Tieghem system (1891)
Traité de botanique
Twentieth century
Dalla Torre & Harms
system (1900–07)
Genera Siphonogamarum, ad systema Englerianum conscripta
Warming system (1912)
Haandbog i den systematiske botanik
Hallier system (1912)
L'origine et le système phylétique des angiospermes
Bessey system (1915)
The phylogenetic taxonomy of flowering plants
Wettstein system (1901–35)
Handbuch der systematischen Botanik
Lotsy system (1907–11)
Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte, gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden. Ein Lehrbuch der Pflanzensystematik.
Hutchinson system (1926–73)
The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny
Calestani system (1933)
Le origini e la classificazione delle Angiosperme
Kimura system (1956)
Système et phylogénie des monocotyledones
Emberger system (1960)
Traité de Botanique systématique
Melchior system (1964)
Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
Takhtajan system (1966–97)
  • A system and phylogeny of the flowering plants
  • Flowering plants: origin and dispersal
  • Diversity and classification of flowering plants
Cronquist system (1968–81)
  • The evolution and classification of flowering plants
  • An integrated system of classification of flowering plants
Goldberg system (1986–89
Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons
Dahlgren system (1975–85)
The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy
Thorne system (1968–2000)
An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants
Kubitzki system (1990–)
The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants
Reveal system (1997)
Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification
See also
Plantae at Wikispecies •