Chief of the Royal Danish Army
Chief of the Army Command | |
---|---|
Chef for Hærkommandoen | |
Incumbent Gunner Arpe Nielsen [da] since 15 May 2021 | |
Royal Danish Army | |
Member of | Defence Command of Denmark |
Reports to | Chief of Defence |
Term length | No fixed length |
Precursor | Chief of the Army Operational Command |
Formation | 1 April 1923 (historical) 1 October 2014 (current) |
First holder | Ellis Wolff [da] as Chief of the General Command |
Deputy | Deputy Chief of the Army Command |
Salary | kr. 90,000[a] per month (US$ 14,308) |
Website | Official Website |
The Chief of the Army Command is the service chief of the Royal Danish Army. The current chief is Major general Gunner Arpe Nielsen [da].[2]
History
From the time that absolutism was instituted in 1660 until around 1800, the Monarch had absolute control of the military.[3] Commands of armies could be delegated to designated generals in times of war. As such, general commands would occasionally be established in Norway and the Duchies.[3] During the Scanian War and the Great Northern War there were a total of 19 Supreme Generals, as the commanders served at the King's pleasure.[4]
In the beginning of the English Wars, Crown Prince Frederick established general commands throughout Denmark.[b] Initially, they had limited power and were planned to be disbanded after the war, it was however decided to keep them.[5] Following the ascension of Christian VIII, the general commands' power and authority were expanded to exceed real military control.[6] This led to a change in the overall command structure, as the field commanders and chiefs of the general commands held the same authority. This problem came to light during the First Schleswig War and the appointment of Hans Hedemann as the commander of the field army (Danish: Nørrejyske Armékorps).[7] Since Hedemann did not have any control within general command areas, there were often conflicts between him and the chiefs of those commands.[8] On 27 March 1849, Gerhard Christoph von Krogh who earlier had replaced Hedemann, was named supreme commander of "the entire active Army and over the fortifications and batteries in Jutland, on Als and on Funen as well as army magazines and depots set up in those areas".[8] Additionally, it was stipulated that "the active army in all respects was to be independent of the General Commands, which [...] were to assist the army when it was either wholly or partly in the General Command District.[8] While this arrangement ensured there would be no conflict between the supreme commander and the general commands, there were still no unified peacetime commander.
From 1855, there were 3 general commands; 1st General Command responsible for Zealand and surrounding islands, 2nd General Command for North Jutland, Funen and Schleswig, and 3rd General Command for Holstein and Saxe-Lauenburg.[9] Following the loss of the duchies in the Second Schleswig War, 3rd General Command was disbanded and 2nd General Command area was reduced.[9] In the 1905 Defence Agreement, it was decided that the chief of the 1st General Command would act as Army Commander-in-Chief in case of war.[9]
With the 1922 Defence Agreement, the Army was subjugated to large cuts. As a result, 1st and 2nd General Command were merged to create the General Command, and thereby creating the first unified peacetime army commander.[6][10]
With the creation of the Defence Staff and Chief of Defence, the General Command was replaced by the Army Command.[11] After the Army Command was subjugated to the Defence Command in 1976, the Army Command was replaced by the Army Staff.[11] In 1982, the title of Chief of the Army was changed to become Inspector of the Army.[12] Following the 1988 Defence Commission, it was decided that the Army Staff and the positions of Inspector would be removed and then create the Army Operational Command.[13][14] Following the Danish Defence Agreement 2013–17, the Army Operational Command was disbanded and reorganised into the Army Staff. As part of the Danish Defence Agreement 2018–23, the Danish name was changed Army Command.[15]
List of chiefs
Supreme Generals (1848–1932)
- First Schleswig War
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
1 | Major general Gerhard Christoph von Krogh (1785–1860) | 27 March 1849 | 12 April 1849 | 16 days | [16] | |
2 | Major general Frederik Bülow [da] (1791–1858) | 12 April 1849 | 24 May 1849 | 42 days | [17] | |
(1) | Major general Gerhard Christoph von Krogh (1785–1860) | 24 May 1849 | 2 July 1850 | 1 year, 39 days | [18] |
- Second Schleswig War
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
1 | de Meza, ChristianChristian de Meza (1792–1865) | 25 December 1863 | 6 February 1864 | 43 days | [19] | |
– | Lüttichau, MathiasMathias Lüttichau (1795–1870) Acting | 6 February 1864 | 28 February 1864 | 23 days | [20] | |
2 | Gerlach, GeorgGeorg Gerlach (1797–1865) | 29 February 1864 | 4 July 1864 | 125 days | [21] | |
3 | Steinmann, PeterPeter Frederik Steinmann (1812–1894) | 4 July 1864 | 1 November 1864 | 150 days | [22] |
- World War I
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
1 | Lieutenant general Vilhelm Gørtz [da] (1852–1939) | 1 August 1914 | 3 August 1917 | 3 years, 2 days | [23][24] | |
2 | Lieutenant general August Tuxen [da] (1853–1929) | 6 August 1917 | 5 May 1918 | 272 days | [24][25] [26] | |
3 | Lieutenant general Ellis Wolff [da] (1856–1938) | 5 May 1918 | 31 March 1919 | 330 days | [24][27] |
Chief of the General Command (1923–1926)
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
1 | Wolff, EllisLieutenant general Ellis Wolff [da] (1856–1938) | 1 April 1923 | 19 October 1926 | 3 years, 183 days | [28][29] | |
2 | Nyholm, AndersLieutenant general Anders Gjedde Nyholm (1861–1939) | 20 October 1926 | 31 July 1931 | 4 years, 303 days | [30][31] | |
3 | With, ErikLieutenant general Erik With [da] (1869–1959) | 1 August 1931 | 1 December 1939 | 8 years, 122 days | [32][33] | |
4 | Prior, WilliamLieutenant general William Wain Prior (1876–1946) | 1 December 1939 | 28 August 1941 | 1 year, 270 days | [32][34] [35] | |
5 | Gørtz, EbbeLieutenant general Ebbe Gørtz [da] (1886–1976) | 29 August 1941 | 30 September 1950 | 9 years, 32 days | [36] |
Chief of the Army Command (1950–1970)
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
1 | Gørtz, EbbeLieutenant general Ebbe Gørtz [da] (1886–1976) | 1 October 1950 | 3 July 1951 | 275 days | [36] | |
2 | Møller, ErikLieutenant general Erik C.V. Møller [da] (1896–1972) | 4 July 1951 | 30 June 1957 | 5 years, 362 days | [37] | |
3 | Hjalf, ViggoLieutenant general Viggo Hjalf [da] (1900–1985) | 1 July 1957 | 30 June 1960 | 2 years, 365 days | [38] | |
4 | Jacobsen, ValdemarLieutenant general Valdemar Jacobsen (1902–1987) | 1 July 1960 | 31 July 1967 | 7 years, 30 days | [39][40] | |
5 | Blixenkrone-Møller, OttoLieutenant general Otto Blixenkrone-Møller [da] (1912–2006) | 1 August 1967 | 31 December 1969 | 2 years, 152 days | [41] |
Chief of the Army Staff (1970–1990)
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
Chief of the Army (Chefen for Hæren) | ||||||
1 | Blixenkrone-Møller, OttoLieutenant general Otto Blixenkrone-Møller [da] (1912–2006) | 1 January 1970 | 30 November 1972 | 2 years | [41] | |
2 | Vegger, ChristianMajor general Christian Vegger [da] (1915–1992) | 1 December 1972 | 1976 | 3–4 years | [42] | |
3 | Boysen, HaraldMajor general Harald Martin Hermann Boysen (1922–2019) | 1976 | 30 June 1982 | 5–6 years | [43] | |
Inspector of the Army (Inspektøren for Hæren) | ||||||
1 | Boysen, HaraldMajor general Harald Martin Hermann Boysen (1922–2019) | 1 July 1982 | 1987 | 4–5 years | [43] | |
2 | Essemann, J.Major general Jørgen Christian Essemann (born 1933) | 1987 | 1990 | 2–3 years | [44] | |
3 | Hillingsø, KjeldMajor general Kjeld Hillingsø (born 1935) | 1990 | 31 December 1990 | 0 years | [45] |
Chief of the Army Operational Command (1991–2014)
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
1 | Hillingsø, KjeldMajor general Kjeld Hillingsø (born 1935) | 1 January 1991 | 1993 | 1–2 years | [45] | |
2 | Kandborg, Ole LarsenMajor general Ole Larsen Kandborg (born 1941) | 1993 | 1997 | 3–4 years | [46] | |
3 | Grüner, GustavMajor general Gustav Grüner (born 1944) | 1997 | 1998 | 0–1 years | [47] | |
4 | Helsø, Hans JesperMajor general Hans Jesper Helsø (born 1948) | 1998 | 27 September 2000 | 1–2 years | [48] | |
5 | Scharling, JanMajor general Jan Scharling (born 1946) | 27 September 2000 | 27 September 2002 | 2 years, 0 days | [48] | |
6 | Kiærskou, PoulMajor general Poul Kiærskou [da] (born 1954) | 27 September 2002 | 14 January 2009 | 6 years, 109 days | [49][50] | |
7 | Bundsgaard, Niels HenrikMajor general Niels Henrik Bundsgaard (born 1957) | 15 January 2009 | 30 June 2010 | 1 year, 166 days | [51] | |
8 | Rokos, AgnerMajor general Agner Rokos [da] (born 1958) | 1 July 2010 | 31 March 2013 | 2 years, 273 days | [52] | |
9 | Ludvigsen, PerMajor general Per Ludvigsen [da] (born 1957) | 1 April 2013 | 1 October 2014 | 1 year, 183 days | [53] |
Chief of the Army Staff (2014–2018)
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
1 | Mathiesen, Hans-ChristianMajor general Hans-Christian Mathiesen (born 1965) | 1 October 2014 | 24 October 2018 | 4 years, 23 days | [54][55] [56] | |
– | Christensen, Keld RobertColonel Keld Robert Christensen (born 1963) Acting | 24 October 2018 | 31 December 2018 | 68 days | [56][57] |
Chief of the Army Command (2019–present)
No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
– | Christensen, Keld RobertColonel Keld Robert Christensen (born 1963) Acting | 1 January 2019 | 31 January 2019 | 30 days | [56][58] | |
– | Pedersen, KennethMajor general Kenneth Pedersen [da] (born 1968) Acting | 31 January 2019 | 1 September 2019 | 213 days | [59] | |
1 | Lollesgaard, MichaelMajor general Michael Lollesgaard [de] (born 1960) | 1 September 2019 | 1 April 2021 | 1 year, 212 days | [60][61] | |
– | Nielsen, GunnerBrigadier general Gunner Arpe Nielsen [da] (born 1967) Acting | 1 April 2021 | 15 May 2021 | 44 days | [61] | |
2 | Nielsen, GunnerMajor general Gunner Arpe Nielsen [da] (born 1967) | 15 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 5 days | [2] |
See also
- Chief of Defence (Denmark)
- Chief of the Royal Danish Navy
- Chief of the Royal Danish Air Force
Notes
- ^ Based on Hans-Christian Mathiesen's salary while on administrative leave.[1]
- ^ Except for Zealand, where Frederick remained in control.
References
- Citations
- ^ /ritzau/ 2020.
- ^ a b Forsvarskommandoen 2021b.
- ^ a b Gram-Andersen 2000, p. 31.
- ^ Rockstroh 1935, p. 268.
- ^ Generalstabens Kommandoafdeling 1935, p. 97.
- ^ a b Generalstabens Kommandoafdeling 1935, p. 98.
- ^ Rockstroh 1935, p. 258.
- ^ a b c Rockstroh 1935, p. 259.
- ^ a b c Gram-Andersen 2000, p. 32.
- ^ Olsen 1985, p. 16.
- ^ a b Hillingsø 2009.
- ^ arma-dania.dk.
- ^ Folketinget 1990.
- ^ Forsvaret 1989.
- ^ DSM.
- ^ Rockstroh 1935, pp. 260–261.
- ^ Rockstroh 1935, pp. 261–262.
- ^ Rockstroh 1935, p. 263.
- ^ Rockstroh 1935, p. 264.
- ^ Bjerg, Hans Christian. "Mathias Lüttichau". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish) (3 ed.). Retrieved 22 August 2018.
- ^ Rockstroh 1935, p. 265.
- ^ Rockstroh 1935, p. 266.
- ^ Clemmesen 1982, pp. 3–3.
- ^ a b c Østergaard.
- ^ Linvald 1929, p. 294.
- ^ Clemmesen 1982, pp. 6–9, 6–11.
- ^ Clemmesen 1982, p. 6-11.
- ^ Olsen 1985, pp. 16, 30.
- ^ Koefoed 1938.
- ^ Olsen 1985, pp. 30, 43.
- ^ Ramm 1939.
- ^ a b Olsen 1985, pp. 30, 112.
- ^ Bjerg n.d.
- ^ Clemmesen 1982, p. III-3.
- ^ Bjerregaard 1946.
- ^ a b Wolff n.d.
- ^ Wolff, E. H. "Erik C.V. Møller". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish) (3 ed.). Gyldendal. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
- ^ Kirchhoff 2020.
- ^ Berg 1979.
- ^ Fabritius 1963, p. 282.
- ^ a b Bjerg, Hans Christian. "Otto Blixenkrone-Møller". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish) (3 ed.). Gyldendal. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
- ^ Hillingsø, Kjeld. "Christian Vegger". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish) (3 ed.). Gyldendal. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
- ^ a b Exner 2002.
- ^ "Fordelingsliste for opfording til medlemskab af Forenignen for tilvejebringelse og udstilling af kastellets historiske samling" (PDF). kastelletsvenner.dk (in Danish). 6 October 1987. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 September 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
- ^ a b Berlingske 2010.
- ^ Exner 2001.
- ^ Stenstrup 2001.
- ^ a b Brøndum 1999.
- ^ Brøndum 2014.
- ^ NATO (9 June 2010). "Lieutenant General Poul Kiaerskou". NATO. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
- ^ Ministry of Defence (2015). "Curriculum Vitae - Niels Henrik Bundsgaard" (PDF). Forsvarsministeriet (in Danish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
- ^ /ritzau/ 2018.
- ^ Forsvaret n.d.
- ^ "CURRICULUM VITAE: H.-C. Mathiesen" (PDF) (in Danish). 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
- ^ Danish Defence. "Hærstaben". Forsvaret.dk (in Danish). Archived from the original on 2 September 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
- ^ a b c Forsvarskommandoen 2018.
- ^ "Curriculum Viltae - Keld Robert Christensen" (PDF). forsvaret.dk (in Danish). 4 July 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ "Curriculum Viltae - Keld Robert Christensen" (PDF). forsvaret.dk (in Danish). 4 July 2016. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ Forsvarskommandoen 2019a.
- ^ Forsvarskommandoen 2019b.
- ^ a b Forsvarskommandoen 2021a.
- Bibliography
- arma-dania.dk. "Hærordning 1977 - 2011". arma-dania.dk (in Danish). Archived from the original on 2 September 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
- Bjerg, Hans Christian (n.d.). "Erik With". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish) (3 ed.). Gyldendal. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
- Berg, Nils (14 April 1979). "Syndebuk-myten om den pædagogiske Ure-Bande i det danske forsvar" (in Danish). Det Krigsvidenskabelige Selskab. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
- Berlingske (20 April 2010). "Farverig generalløjtnant fylder 75". Berlingske (in Danish). Berlingske Media. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
- Bjerregaard, W. (24 June 1946). "Generalløjtnant W. W. Prior". krigsvidenskab.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 9 September 2020.
- Brøndum, Christian (5 October 1999). "Forsvarets nye ledelse på plads". Berlingske (in Danish). Berlingske Media. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
- Brøndum, Christian (7 December 2014). "Generalen der ramte politiske klippeskær". Berlingske (in Danish). Berlingske Media. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
- Clemmesen, Michael Hesselholt (1982). Jyllands landforsvar fra 1901 til 1940 (in Danish). Copenhagen: Det Krigsvidenskabelige Selskab. ISBN 87-981346-0-4.
- DSM. "Forsvarschefen om implementeringen af Forsvarsforliget". Danske Soldater- og Marineforeningers Fællesråd (in Danish). Archived from the original on 1 February 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
- Exner, Poul (16 May 2001). "Mennesker". Kristeligt Dagblad (in Danish). Retrieved 21 August 2018.
- Exner, Poul (13 May 2002). "Fødselsdage i dag". Kristeligt Dagblad (in Danish). Retrieved 30 August 2018.
- Fabritius, Albert, ed. (1963). Kongelig Dansk Hof-og Statskalender: Statshåndbog for Kongeriget Danmark 1963 (in Danish). Copenhagen: J. H. Schultz.
- Folketinget (25 April 1990). "1989/1 LSF 189" (in Danish). Retrieved 30 August 2018.
- Forsvaret (1989). "Forsvaret i 90'erne". Beretning fra Forsvarskommissionen af 1988 (PDF) (in Danish). Schultz Grafisk A/S. ISBN 978-87-503-8209-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2018. Retrieved 30 August 2018.
- Forsvaret (n.d.). "CV - Per Ludvigsen" (PDF). forsvaret (in Danish). Retrieved 21 August 2018.
- Forsvarskommandoen (24 October 2018). "Redegørelse vedrørende inhabilitet". forsvaret.dk (in Danish). Værnsfælles Forsvarskommando. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- Forsvarskommandoen (31 January 2019a). "Ny midlertidig chef for Hærkommandoen". forsvaret.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 31 January 2019.
- Forsvarskommandoen (23 August 2019b). "Nye chefer til Hærkommandoen og Danmarks militære repræsentation i NATO". forsvaret.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 26 August 2019.[permanent dead link]
- Forsvarskommandoen (24 March 2021a). "Fungerende chef for Hærkommandoen". forsvaret.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- Forsvarskommandoen (12 May 2021b). "To kommandochefer udnævnt". forsvaret.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- Generalstabens Kommandoafdeling (1935). "Generalkommandoen". In Boeck, Hector; Johnstad-Møller, S.E.; Hjalf, C.V. (eds.). Danmarks Hær (in Danish). Vol. 1st. Copenhagen: Selskabet til Udgivelse af Kulturskrifter. pp. 97–100.
- Gram-Andersen, Jesper (December 2000). Det Sjællandske Korps (in Danish). Ringsted: Scanprint. ISBN 87984762-1-1.
- Hillingsø, Kjeld (31 January 2009). "Hærkommandoen". Den Store Danske (in Danish). Gyldendal. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
- Kirchhoff, Hans (7 May 2020). "Viggo Hjalf". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish) (3 ed.). Gyldendal. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
- Koefoed, E. (13 August 1938). "Generalløjtnant Ellis Wolff". krigsvidenskab.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 9 September 2020.
- Linvald, Axel (1 January 1929). "Nekrolog: A. P. Tuxen". Historisk Tidsskrift (in Danish). 9 (VI): 294–295. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
- Olsen, Ole Isgaard (1985). Planlægning af det Sjællandske Landforsvar: 1922-1944 (in Danish). Forsvarskommandoen.
- Prior, William Wain (1942). Generalløjtnant A.A.B. Kühnel: En dansk officers liv og gerninger (in Danish). Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard.
- Ramm, P. (5 August 1939). "Generalløjtnant A. G. Nyholm". krigsvidenskab.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 25 August 2020.
- Richter, Volhelm (1977a). Den Danske Landmilitæretat 1801-1894: I. Bind (in Danish). Copenhagen: Dansk Historisk Håndbogsforlag.
- Richter, Volhelm (1977b). Den Danske Landmilitæretat 1801-1894: II. Bind (in Danish). Copenhagen: Dansk Historisk Håndbogsforlag.
- /ritzau/ (17 April 2018). "60 år: Militær karriere ved et tilfælde". Fyens.dk (in Danish). Jysk Fynske Medier. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
- /ritzau/ (30 September 2020). "Tidligere hærchef H.-C. Mathiesen er nu officielt fyret". jyllands-posten.dk (in Danish). JP/Politikens Hus. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- Rockstroh, K. C. (1935). "Hærens Overkommando i to Krige under og to efter Enevælden". Militært Tidsskrift (in Danish). 64. Det krigsvidenskabelige Selskab: 245–268.
- Rolsted, Richardt (2015). Rolsted slægten - en fortælling om livet blandt adel, bønder og andet godtfolk (in Danish). Books on demand. ISBN 9788771701548.
- Stenstrup, Mads (9 April 2001). "Tidligere generalløjtnant: Helte bør belønnes". jyllands-posten (in Danish). JP/Politikens Hus A/S. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
- Wolff, E. H. (n.d.). "Ebbe Gørtz". Dansk Biografisk Leksikon (in Danish) (3 ed.). Gyldendal. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
- Østergaard, Søren. "Sikringsstyrken 1914 til 1919". vestvolden.info (in Danish). Retrieved 27 September 2020.
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