Apalachee language
Extinct Muskogean language of Florida, USA
| Apalachee | |
|---|---|
| Native to | United States |
| Region | Florida |
| Ethnicity | Apalachee |
| Extinct | early 18th century |
Language family | Muskogean
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xap |
Linguist List | xap |
| Glottolog | apal1237 |
Apalachee was a Muskogean language of Florida. It was closely related to Koasati and Alabama.[1]
The language is known primarily from one document, a letter written in 1688 to Charles II of Spain. Geoffrey Kimball has produced a grammatical sketch[2] and a vocabulary of the language[3] based on the contents of the letter.
Apalachee was found to belong to the same branch of the Muskogean family as Koasati, Alabama, and Hitchiti.[4]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||
| Plosive | plain | p | t | tʃ | k ⟨c, g⟩ | |
| voiced | b | |||||
| Fricative | plain | f | s | h | ||
| lateral | ɬ ⟨lz⟩ | |||||
| Approximant | w ⟨gu, w⟩ | l | j ⟨y⟩ | |||
Orthography is only shown where it differs from the IPA.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | ||
| Close-mid | o | ||
| Open | a |
Vowels may also be elongated.
References
- ^ Broadwell, George A. (1992). Reconstructing Proto-Muskogean Language and Prehistory: Preliminary results. 3, en. 2. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.72.4700.
- ^ Kimball, Geoffrey (April 1987). "A Grammatical Sketch of Apalachee". International Journal of American Linguistics. 53 (2). University of Chicago Press: 136–174. doi:10.1086/466050. JSTOR 1265142.
- ^ Kimball, Geoffrey (October 1988). "An Apalachee Vocabulary". International Journal of American Linguistics. 54 (4). University of Chicago Press: 387–398. doi:10.1086/466093. JSTOR 1265100.
- ^ Haas, Mary R. (April 1949). "The Position of Apalachee in the Muskogean Family". International Journal of American Linguistics. 15 (2). University of Chicago Press: 121–127. doi:10.1086/464031.
External links
- Apalachee Language Guide
- v
- t
- e
Languages in italics are extinct.
languages
| Families |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Others |
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languages
| Hand Talk |
|
|---|---|
| Isolates |
|
languages
| French | |
|---|---|
| German | |
| Spanish |
|
| Creole and mixed languages |
languages
| Francosign | |
|---|---|
| BANZSL | |
| Kentish | |
| Isolates |
(number of speakers
in 2021 in millions)
- Spanish (41.3)
- Chinese (3.4)
- Tagalog (1.7)
- Vietnamese (1.5)
- Arabic (1.4)
- French (1.2)
- Korean (1.1)
- Russian (1.0)
- Portuguese (0.9)
- Haitian (0.9)
- Hindi (0.9)
- German (0.9)
- Polish (0.5)
- Italian (0.5)
- Urdu (0.5)
- Persian (0.5)
- Telugu (0.5)
- Japanese (0.5)
- Gujarati (0.4)
- Bengali (0.4)
- Tamil (0.3)
- Punjabi (0.3)
- Serbo-Croatian (0.3)
- Armenian (0.3)
- Greek (0.3)
- Hmong (0.2)
- Hebrew (0.2)
- Khmer (0.2)
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